Background
Female breast cancer (FBC) is a malignancy involving multiple risk factors and has imposed heavy disease burden on women. We aim to analyze the secular trends of mortality rate of FBC according to its major risk factors.
Methods
Death data of FBC at the global, regional, and national levels were retrieved from the online database of Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Deaths of FBC attributable to alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low physical activity, and tobacco were collected. Estimated average percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify the temporal trends of age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of FBC in 1990–2017.
Results
Worldwide, the number of deaths from FBC increased from 344.9 thousand in 1990 to 600.7 thousand in 2017. The ASMR of FBC decreased by 0.59% (95% CI, 0.52, 0.66%) per year during the study period. This decrease was largely driven by the reduction in alcohol use- and tobacco-related FBC, of which the ASMR was decreased by 1.73 and 1.77% per year, respectively. In contrast, the ASMR of FBC attributable to high BMI and high FPG was increased by 1.26% (95% CI, 1.22, 1.30%) and 0.26% (95% CI, 0.23, 0.30%) per year between 1990 and 2017, respectively.
Conclusions
The mortality rate of FBC experienced a reduction over the last three decades, which was partly owing to the effective control for alcohol and tobacco use. However, more potent and tailored prevention strategies for obesity and diabetes are urgently warranted.
We report here the observation result of joint observation of long period tremor signals with broadband seismometer, tiltmeter and gravimeter at the HUST (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) station. The observed data were compared and analyzed. Since 2005, the several tens of abnormal tremor signals which are weak, complex and duration of 2 to 3 days have been synchronously recorded by the different instruments. The tremor signals have the periodic domain in the range of 3 to 5 minutes, 20 to 30 minutes and even more than 1 hour. The observation shows such tremors are a physical existence. The analysis indicates that a part of the tremors caused by the typhoon from the western Pacific Ocean. These tremors have a close relationship with wind velocity of typhoon and distance between the typhoon center and the station. Except these, the cause of others is still unclear.
Background
The impact of dietary guidelines on health in ethnic minority regions needs to be further explored because of multiple sociocultural factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the association between adherence to dietary guidelines and health risks in an elderly population in an ethnic minority region.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 836 older adults in ethnic minority areas. They were asked to describe their daily dietary intake levels through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The closeness coefficient for each study subject was calculated by using the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), which measures the adherence to Dietary Guide for Elderly Adults (DGEA). Regression models were used to analyze the association between adherence and health risks.
Results
The daily food of the elderly in this area comprised cereals and vegetables. They had low intake of milk, dairy products, and water and high intake of salt. The closeness coefficient for the total population was 0.51, and the adherence of this population to dietary guidelines for the elderly was low. In both the crude model and the models adjusted for covariates, the closeness coefficient was not significantly associated with clinical indicators and health outcomes (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
No association was found between adherence to large sample-based dietary guidelines and clinical indicators or health outcomes in ethnic minority populations. The applicability of dietary guidelines to ethnic minority areas and whether they yield the expected health benefits require further study.
The detection of the potential of a larger event immediately after a moderate earthquake is a quite difficult problem. In this work, we devised an approach to determine whether an earthquake is a foreshock to a larger mainshock by evaluating loading/unloading states. This is done by calculating the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) change induced by Earth tides along the tectonically preferred slip direction on the seismogenic fault surface of each of the candidates. The technique is based on the load/unload response ratio (LURR) method, but the determination of the sliding direction of CFS is different, which is derived from the moderate earthquake that has just occurred rather than the assumption from the regional stress setting. Using the approach, we tested since the year 2000 the Ms ≥ 4.0 foreshocks of the Ms ≥ 6.0 earthquakes on the Chinese mainland, and also the earthquake swarms where no subsequent larger mainshocks were expected in the previous 10 years. The former mostly occurred in the loading process, while the latter arose more frequently in a random process. The marked difference indicates that the occurrence of earthquakes during loading may imply the critical state of the seismogenic faults, and the derived stress is more likely to trigger a larger event than that of the earthquakes that occurred during unloading.
In this paper, an automatic aftershock forecasting system for China is presented. Based on a parameter-free historical analogy method, this system can produce short-term aftershock forecast, including seismic sequence types and the magnitude of the largest aftershock, within a few minutes after a major earthquake and can further provide scientists and government agencies with a set of background information for consultation purposes. First, the system construction concept and operation framework are described, and an evaluation of the forecast performance of the system is then conducted considering earthquakes from 2019 to 2021 in mainland China. The results indicate that the sequence type classification precision reaches 83.5%, and the magnitude of more than 90% of the aftershocks is smaller than that of upper range forecast. This system is fast and easy to control, and all the reports and maps can be produced approximately 5 min after earthquake occurrence. Practical use verifies that the application of this system has greatly improved the efficiency of post-earthquake consultation in mainland China.
Aspirin is essential in the primary and secondary prevention of hypertension. However, the effect of aspirin on blood pressure (bp) in hypertensive patients has been controversial. Therefore, we quantitatively evaluated the effect of aspirin on the bp in untreated hypertensive patients and antihypertensive patients. We searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library electronic databases for articles published prior to June 2019. The overall effect of aspirin on changes in systolic and diastolic bp was estimated by using random-effects models according to the I2 statistic. A total of 15 randomized controlled trials
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