Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a special kind of diabetes that arises only during pregnancy. A woman with GDM has a higher risk of developing type-2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. In this exploration, we intended to scrutinize the therapeutic actions of Myrtenol against the streptozotocin (STZ)-provoked GDM in rats. GDM was provoked in the pregnant rats via injecting the 1% of STZ (25 mg/kg) and then treated with the 50 mg/kg of myrtenol. The glucose level and bodyweight of animals were noted. The lipid profile, that is, total cholesterol, triglycerides, lowdensity lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was determined by respective kits. The lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status were examined using assay kits. The status of proinflammatory markers was investigated by assay kits.The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling proteins were studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The hepatic and pancreatic tissues were examined microscopically. Myrtenol treatment notably decreased the status of blood glucose and lipid profile and improved the HDL in the GDM rats. The status of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers were substantially reduced by the myrtenol and it enhanced the antioxidants status of GDM animals. Myrtenol treatment remarkably downregulated the mRNA expressions of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling proteins. The histological findings also proved the therapeutic actions of myrtenol. Altogether, the findings of this investigation unveiled the therapeutic actions of the myrtenol against the STZprovoked GDM in rats. Myrtenol could be a promising therapeutic agent to treat GDM in the future.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women, which is associated with metabolic, hereditary and hormonal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Nasturtium officinale L. (N. officinale) on biochemical and molecular parameters in estradiol‐induced PCOS in rats. Seventy Wistar rats in 7 groups (n = 10) were randomly assigned to normal (NC), PCOS, metformin (MET ‐ 300 mg/kg), N. officinale (50 and 100 mg/kg) and co‐treatment with MET and N. officinale groups. After 21 days of treatment, biochemical parameters levels of estrogen, LH and FSH along with serum levels of (IL‐6 and IL‐1β cytokines) and serum antioxidant parameters (enzymatic activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase) were measured. Finally, by measuring the expression of apoptosis related genes (Bax/Bcl‐2/p53/caspase‐3) with the help of real‐time PCR and the expression of p53 with the help of immunohistochemistry in ovarian cells. N. officinale modulates hormones through its hypothalamic–pituitary‐gonadal pathway with its synergistic effects along with MET. Also, in co‐treatment groups (MET and N. officinale), the activity of serum antioxidant enzymes increased and also the serum level of inflammatory cytokines decreased. N. officinale, along with MET, amplified the Bax/Bcl2/p53/caspase‐3 pathways, which eventually increased the number of p53 positive cells. These findings indicate that N. officinale extract along with MET can improve the physiological function of the ovaries in PCOS‐induced disorders. Practical applications Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women, which is associated with metabolic, hereditary and hormonal disorders. The extract of Nasturtium officinale L. was able to intensify mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cystic follicles and prevent their formation. It seems that pro‐drugs containing N. officinale along with effective commercial drugs in PCOS can help ovulation and fertility in woman with this disease.
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