Methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite has attracted broad interest for solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and so forth. Experiments have captured that the alternative coexistence of polar and nonpolar domains in MAPbI 3 can be switched by photons and phonons. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the interplay among the crystal space group, polarity, ferroic properties, and switching mechanisms for MAPbI 3 . Herein, we perform a statistical synthesis on ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric features for tetragonal MAPbI 3 perovskite. The polar and nonpolar domains are ferroelectric with the I4cm space group and anti-ferroelectric with the I4/mcm space group, respectively.The domain wall (DW) separating nonpolar and polar regions is charged. Combining the effects of the electric properties of ferroic domains and the charged DWs, novel switching mechanisms are proposed in which photons and phonons drive alternations between ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric domains, which provide a reasonable approach to clarify the ambiguous understanding of ferroic behavior for MAPbI 3 perovskite.
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been shown to be key materials for next‐generation photovoltaic energy harvesting, electro‐optic detection, and all‐optical conversion. Room‐temperature tetragonal MAPbI3 has been reported to possess two space groups: polar I4cm and non‐polar I4/mcm. Although the space group of MAPbI3 is still under debate, significant effort has been expended to prove that I4cm MHPs are ferroelectric and I4/mcm MHPs are antiferroelectric. Both structures belong to the ferroelastic point group, and there has been debate regarding whether the domain structures observed on MHPs are ferroelectric or ferroelastic. The relationship between the ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity of MHPs has been discussed, whereas these two properties sometimes are regarded as mutually exclusive in MHPs. In this work, the ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity of MHPs originating from structural symmetry have been reviewed, and the interrelationship between the ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity of MHPs are discussed.
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