In order to study the influence of the cross-sectional shape on the stiffness of a spring, a finite element analysis software DEFORM is used to simulate and analyze the torsion of rectangular cross-section bars. The material of the bar is TS1800 SAE9254 and the cross-section of aspect ratio (w / h) is 1.5. From literature it is known that when the rectangular section bar is twisted, the shear stress at the four corners is zero, so elliptical corners can decrease the volume and increase the stiffness with the same volume. Five levels for the long side of the elliptical corner are set as 1 to 5 mm, and 3 levels are set for the short side. Torsion of the rectangular section bars under 15 kinds of geometric designs are simulated to find the preferred cross-sectional shape design by evaluating the cross-sectional area, load, and the maximum shear stress. The objective of the design is obtaining a uniform stress distribution with a larger spring stiffness and lighter weight. The optimal cross section of the bars is established as the spring geometry, and the pre-loading processing of the spring is simulated. The required load and the maximum shear stress data are obtained. The effects of load, cross-sectional area and maximum shear stress on the springs performance are investigated.
This paper aims at exploring consumer’s life value on effects of product placement advertisements in the Chinese film “No Thieves in the World”. In terms of BMW cars in this film, great talent and bold vision, neatness and joyfulness and comfort and vigor of consumer’s values exert great influence on the effects of product placement advertisements while others are not. Great talent and bold vision of consumer’s value exerts the most remarkable influence on the effects of product placement advertisements. It may be that BMW is concerned by those who own social positions to some degree.BMW’s brand personality may play a role in the influence on effects of advertising. We can resort to these three kinds of values in priority when we carry out branding communication of BMW.
Compared with forging and extrusion processes, tube end forming includes various forming methods, such as pipe expansion, bending, bulging, folding, shrinking and profile processing. Therefore, research and development of pipe processing and forming are of great importance in the industry. In this study, the authors used the finite element analysis software DEFORM to analyze the end deformation behavior of the single pass forming. The deformation behavior of the pipe end, load curve and formability are discussed. The single-pass forming die design enables the pipe ends to be formed into two different shapes. By reducing the processing procedures with the geometric design of the dies, the processing advantages of single pass forming are achieved.
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