Purpose -This paper aims to investigate the brand building behavior in the luxury hotel industry from the perspective of frontline employees. In particular, this study addresses the importance and relevance of supportive leadership, brand building behavior and customers' perceived brand image in the hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach -The research uses data from four luxury class (4 and 5 star) hotels in the Pearl River Delta of China. Contact with frontline employees yielded employee and customer data, with 243 of 369 employee questionnaires having one or more matches with 1,158 customer questionnaires. Hierarchical linear modeling was adopted to test the research model. Findings -Luxury hotels benefit from managers who provide supportive leadership that encourages employee brand building behavior. In turn, employee brand building behavior influences customers' positive perception of brand image. Practical implications -Brand building behavior is a top-to-bottom process. Luxury hotels need to pay attention to internal brand building orientation, while managers should reinforce the organization's cultural orientation and provide appropriate job skills training to improve employees' willingness and ability to build the company's brand. Originality/value -Findings of this study contribute to the brand management literature and the hotel management literature by addressing important matters affecting the frontline employees' brand building behavior.
Over the last few decades, the training methods for rowers have been converging toward similar models owing to the progress in science and technology, in particular, the increased flow of information. As a result, rowing performance in competitions at the international level is the best it has ever been. However, it is possible to further enhance rowers' performance. An important first step to obtain an advantage on the race course is the selection of rowing athletes. The selection method presented here began by inviting experts and scholars in the field to complete a questionnaire, which was established through the analysis and compilation of relevant literature on rowing and athlete selection. Subsequently, the modified Delphi method is applied to achieve an expert consensus on the selection criteria to be evaluated. Five primary criteria, including athlete monitoring via internet-of-things (IoT) technology, and twenty sub-criteria were identified for the selection of elite rowers. An evaluation model for the athletes was constructed from the data using the analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that when selecting rowers the primary criterion of body factor has the highest priority, followed by IoT measurement factor, professional factor, reaction factor, and psychological factor. Furthermore, it reveals that the important sub-criteria affecting athlete selection are body composition, muscle composition, and competition scores. The framework provided by this study for the selection of elite rowers can be refined and adapted for the selection of elite athletes in related sports. INDEX TERMS Analytic hierarchy process, Internet-of-Things (IoT), modified Delphi method, rowing, selection model.
Taiwan's rowing has achieved well performance in the Asian Games, but it has not in the Olympics. To get good results, in addition to the hard work and solid and effective training on weekdays, the qualification of the players is one of the key factors. Therefore, this research attempts to construct an artificial intelligence (AI) evaluation algorithm for rowing athletes to obtain advantages in the sports field, and can start from the athletes. The AI algorithm involves the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) is adopted to invite experts and scholars in the rowing field to answer the expert questionnaire. The TOPSIS (technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution) method is then applied to calculate the ranking of material selection indicators, aiming to construct an evaluation model for rowers. The main research result shows that physicality is considered as the highest priority among the four main criteria of talent identification, following in a descending order by specialism, reaction and psychological elements. The propose model established by the most beneficial decision model for identification of talented rowers in the future.
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