Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30), a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated antigen, was earlier shown by our research group to be highly expressed in HCC paracancerous tissues, but have low levels in HCC tissues. In order to detect anti-SMP30 antibody in serum of HCC patients, we established pET30a-SMP30 and pColdIII-SMP30 expression systems in Escherichia coli. However, the expression product was mainly in the form of inclusion bodies. In this research, we used several combinations of chaperones, four molecular chaperone plasmids with pET30a-SMP30 and five molecular chaperone plasmids with pColdIII-SMP30 to increase the amount of soluble protein. Results showed that co-expression of HIS-SMP30 with pTf16, combined with the addition of osmosis-regulator, and a two-step expression resulted in the highest enhancement of solubility. A total of 175 cases of HCC serum were studied by ELISA to detect anti-SMP30 antibody with recombinant SMP30 protein. Some 22 were positive and x 2 two-sided tests all showed P>0.05, although it remained unclear whether there was a relationship between positive cases and clinical diagnostic data.
Film cooling enhancement by incorporating an upstream sand-dune-shaped ramp (SDSR) to the film hole exit was numerically investigated on a flat plate under typical blowing ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5. Three heights of SDSRs were designed: 0.25D, 0.5D, and 0.75D. The results indicated that the upstream SDSR effectively controlled the near-wall primary flow and subsequent mutual interaction with the coolant jet, which was the main mechanism of the film cooling enhancement. First, a pair of anti-kidney vortices was formed at the trailing ridges of the SDSR, which helped suppress the kidney vortex pair due to the interaction between the coolant jet and the primary flow. Second, a weak separation and a low pressure zone were induced behind the backside of the SDSR, which caused the coolant jet to spread around the film cooling hole and improve the lateral film coverage. With respect to the baseline cylindrical film cooling holes, the effect of the upstream SDSR was distinct under different blowing ratios. Under a low blowing ratio, the upstream SDSR shortened the streetwise film layer coverage in the vicinity of the film hole centerline but increased the span-wise film layer coverage. A relatively optimal ramp height seemed to be 0.5D. Under a high blowing ratio, both the streamwise and span-wise film layer coverages improved in comparison with the baseline case. The film cooling effectiveness improved gradually with increasing ramp height.
Double-eyelid surgery is a very common practice in East Asian patients. The differential distribution of pretarsal tissue layers is considered to be the anatomical mechanism of natural Asiatic single eyelid, it is possible to form double-eyelid crease by re-positioning the pretarsal structure layers. The author presents a new double-eyelid surgery based on re-positioning of the pretarsal structure layers without tissue removal. Over a 6-year period, 1440 patients underwent new double-eyelid surgeries. With the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle incised, the pre-pretarsal levator aponeurosis fascia fibroadipose was first dissected to form a fibroadipose flap, and then repositioned with the eyelid lower lip orbicularis oculi muscle flap. The new composite structure was anchored at 3 points on the pretarsal levator aponeurosis fascia; the skin was sutured to form a smooth crease. Postoperative outcome and follow-up data were analyzed. Patients were followed up for an average of 2 years. esthetic outcomes were satisfactory for 97.91% of patients, who enjoyed new double upper eyelids with smooth creases and invisible incision lines. Outcomes were unsatisfactory for 2.08% of patients (double-eyelid regression, 0.76%; asymmetric creases, 1.32%). All patients who were not satisfied with their esthetic outcomes underwent second correction surgery. This new Pan-flap technique focuses on the correct dissection and repositioning of differentially thickened pre-pretarsal levator aponeurosis fascia fibroadipose tissue in East Asian patients. This new technique can generate broader and tighter attachment between pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle and levator aponeurosis fascia, and form smooth double-eyelid crease without pretarsal soft tissue removal.
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