The decision to treat advanced gastroesophageal cancers (GECs) with targeted therapy and immunotherapy is based on key biomarker expression (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), microsatellite instability (MSI), and/or mismatch repair (MMR)). Real-world data on testing, results, and treatment patterns are limited. This retrospective observational study used a nationwide electronic health record-derived de-identified database of patients from the United States. The analysis included adult patients with advanced GECs who initiated systemic treatment between 2017 and 2020. Biomarker testing patterns, timing, assays, tissue collection site, results, and treatment sequences were assessed. Of 1142 eligible patients, adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histology (83% of patients). Overall, 571 (50%) patients were tested for PD-L1, 582 (51%) were tested for MMR/MSI, and 857 (75%) were tested for HER2. Between 2017 and 2020, the PD-L1 testing rate increased from 39% to 58%, and the MMR/MSI testing rate increased from 41% to 58%; the median time from initial diagnosis to first test decreased for both biomarkers. Programmed cell death receptor-1 inhibitor use was observed among patients with positive PD-L1 or MMR-deficient/MSI-High results. These results supplement data reported in key clinical trials and may inform decision-making as treatment options for advanced GECs evolve.
Background: Despite the good prognosis with treatment for most patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) early breast cancer (EBC), ~ 20–30% of patients experience locoregional or distant disease recurrence. To assist in value assessments of novel therapies in the adjuvant setting, this study aimed to determine the costs of treated breast cancer recurrence following treated EBC. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed linked patient data from the US Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry (2010-2014) and Medicare claims (2009 to 2019, which included data from Part A, B, and Prescription Drug Events [Part D]). Data were analyzed for patients aged ≥65 years with HR+, HER2-, node-positive EBC at high risk of recurrence (consistent with monarchE trial high risk criteria). Treated recurrences were defined based on treatment events/procedure codes, including surgery, radiation and systemic therapy, after a 90-day gap following the last treatment for initial EBC. Recurrences were classified based on Medicare claim diagnosis codes or SEER registry data. Extra cost was defined as cost attributable to treated recurrence. Cumulative extra costs were estimated by calculating cost differences between patients with treated vs non/untreated recurrence. Cumulative extra costs were analyzed over the first 6 years following first treated recurrence, a duration which ensured adequate sample size. Costs were inflated to 2021-US$. Results: We identified 3081 eligible patients (mean age at diagnosis 74.5±7.1 years, 97.4% female, 87.8% White). We identified 964 patients with treated recurrence (distant=432, locoregional=128, contralateral=9, unclassified=347) and 2117 patients with non/untreated recurrence. Six-year cumulative extra costs were higher for patients with distant recurrences ($168,656) than for patients with locoregional recurrences ($96,465) (Table 1). Conclusions: Cost of recurrence in patients with high risk EBC is considerable, particularly in patients with distant recurrences. Most patients who recurred in this population experienced distant recurrence. Delaying or preventing recurrence may reduce long term costs in these high risk EBC patients. Table 1. Mean cumulative extra costs attributable to treated recurrence. Citation Format: Alexandra S. Vitko, Pamela A. Martin, Sheng Zhang, Adam F. Johnston, Robert L. Ohsfeldt, Shen Zheng, Astra M. Liepa. Costs of breast cancer recurrence after initial treatment for high risk early breast cancer using SEER-Medicare linked data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-01.
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