An ultra-wideband 3.1-10.6-GHz low-noise amplifier employing a broadband noise-canceling technique is presented. By using the proposed circuit and design methodology, the noise from the matching device is greatly suppressed over the desired UWB band, while the noise from other devices performing noise cancellation is minimized by the systematic approach. Fabricated in a 0.18-m CMOS process, the IC prototype achieves a power gain of 9.7 dB over a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.2-11.9-GHz and a noise figure of 4.5-5.1 dB in the entire UWB band. It consumes 20 mW from a 1.8-V supply and occupies an area of only 0.59 mm 2 .Index Terms-Broadband, low-noise amplifier (LNA), noise canceling, ultra-wideband (UWB).

A wide-range all-digital delay-locked loop (ADDLL) is presented to achieve low jitter, low power and process immunity. The variable successive approximation register-controlled algorithm is proposed to eliminate the harmonic-locking issue in wide-range operation. It can also achieve the fast-locking property and closed-loop operation. With the balanced edge combiner, the ADDLL outputs a synchronous clock with the duty cycle close to 50% when the duty cycle of the input clock varies from 20% to 80%. Fabricated in 0.18 m CMOS technology, the ADDLL maintains a fixed one input clock cycle latency from 40 MHz to 550 MHz without the harmonic-locking issue. It dissipates 12.6 mW from a 1.8 V supply at 550 MHz. The measured root-mean-square and peak-to-peak jitters at 550 MHz are 1.5 ps and 12 ps, respectively.

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In this letter, with an electric double layer on the surface of spherical viruses, we confirm that one of the microwave resonant absorption ͑MRA͒ mechanisms of viruses is through dipolar coupling with confined acoustic vibrations. By treating spherical virions as free homogeneous nanoparticles, we found that the MRA frequencies agree well with that of l = 1 dipolar modes predicted by the elastic continuum theory. The magnitude of MRA was also found to change with the amount of adsorbed charges on the surface of virions. Our results provide a method to observe three-dimensionally confined acoustic vibrations in biological systems.

A digital technique is adopted to calibrate the current mismatch of the charge pump (CP) in phase-locked systems. In this digital calibration technique, there is no extra replica CP needed. In addition, it can calibrate the CP under different control voltages on the loop filter to be immune to the channel-length modulation. Due to the digital nature, the additional power consumption and digital switching noise from the calibration circuits are turned off once the calibration is finished. A 5 GHz frequency synthesizer is used to justify the proposed calibration technique. The measured output spur is suppressed by 5.35 dB at 5.2 GHz after the calibration circuits are active. The measured output spur levels are less than 68.5 dBc throughout the whole output frequency range. The measured phase noise is 110 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz.