The glass ceiling is an intangible blockage that refrains certain action in a specified manner. The phenomenon is normally associated with women/vulnerable groups. This study aims to find out the process for Sikh youth in Pakistan, who made their way to higher education. The research evaluates the process that delayed the achievement. This qualitative study has collected the successful cases of breaking the glass ceiling; along with the situational analysis of their background. Data collection was based on interviews from Sikhs who went through the process personally. The findings reveal the actual reasoning and barriers for not pursuing or quitting education at a higher level. The subjects are interviewed in-depth about their actual dealings and experiences to the setup. The hindrances are not same for all but collectively it makes a glass ceiling that easily affects everyone living in this specific setup. Sikhs in Pakistan have a limited number of graduates/professionals as compared to their population. This study by putting the factual situations on the front, also provide numerous solutions for government, educational institutions, and policymakers. The interviews are interpreted through a subjective assessment which aids the process of phenomenological study and authorizes information to be collected through the application of a range of strategies. Subjective exploration is inductive while interpretive data is more of illustrative and analyzed to the conically narrowed downing process up to the level of saturation. The semi-structured in-depth interview questions were being updated with time and need according to the analysis results of the responses.
Every country has their own political and military blueprint, followed by all the concerned parties to mould the sympathies of masses based on their agendas. This study aims to evaluate the reporting of major events in Pakistan and India in 2015 that carry implicit/explicit implications; in the newsapapers. Both countries have a history of political, social & military conflicts, and a struggle against terrorism at various levels. All these difference are presented in different shades in the media discourse based on the discursiveness of the readers. This technique is used to establish and maintain certain ideology; to develop power relations among and between social groups. To explore the underlying interpretation of media discourse, a corpus of headlines is collected from The Dawn, The News from Pakistan and The Times of India, The Hindu from India. Multi-modal Critical Discourse Analysis has helped in examining the headlines at textual and cognitive levels. The comparative analysis revealed that both sides adhere to their nationalistic and political ideology. The Indian media use very strong and emotive rhetoric which helps them in maintaining power relations. Semantic and visual analysis revealed the same ideology in operation, showing the diversity in media communication.
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