A multiple case study was conducted to investigate how Lego robotics instruction incorporated into a middle grades mathematics methods course could inform pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) TPACK through the lens of Social Constructivist Theory. The qualitative data analysis revealed that when instruction on Lego robotics technology is integrated into semester long mathematics methods courses, PSTs are able to improve their TPACK knowledge in regard to the robotics. Overall, the findings suggest instruction of educational technology tools should be incorporated into methods courses over a longer duration of time, and in depth, to better support the development of PSTs’ TPACK. To meet the demands of the teacher shortages while simultaneously supporting the needs of school districts, this research provides preliminary evidence of the need to incorporate content-specific technology into all methods courses.

An action research case study was conducted to investigate the effects of incorporating LEGO robotics into a seventh-grade mathematics curriculum focused on the development of proportional reasoning through the lens of Social Constructivist Theory. This research, which was part of a larger study, reports the findings when LEGO EV3 robots were incorporated to help students gain an understanding of proportional reasoning in the domain of growth problems. The qualitative data analysis provides insight into how students develop proportional reasoning skills as they use LEGO robotics to navigate among a series of technological stages during collaborative work inclusive of prescribed tasks, discourse and problem-solving. Overall, the inclusion of robotics was productive for learning; however, future studies should be completed to improve the reliability of the findings and continue to improve the curriculum.

This study explores the language repair strategies (aimed at repairing communication problems) of two bilingual speakers during mathematics word problem tutoring sessions. Bilingual repair was shown to gradually shift from a linguistic to an epistemic focus during problem solving (i.e., communication became more conceptually focused over time). Linguistic repair involved varied translation techniques (literal and free), whereas epistemic repair entailed gradual refinement of specialized mathematical meanings through intralinguistic communicative strategies such as simplified rewording. It is suggested that understanding language repair may help tutors develop more effective dialogic instructional approaches to the teaching of mathematical word problems to English learners.Résumé: Cetteétude explore les stratégies de résolution langagières (visantà résoudre les problèmes de communication) de deux locuteurs bilingues au cours de sessions de tutorat visantà résoudre des problèmes de langage mathématique. Au résultat, la résolution bilingue est passée graduellement du linguistiqueà l'épistémique au cours de ces sessions (par exemple, avec le temps, la communication aété de plus en plus centrée sur les concepts). La résolution langagière implique différentes techniques de traduction (littérale ou libre) tandis que la résolution de typeépistémique implique un raffinement graduel des signifiés mathématiques spécialisés par le biais de stratégies communicatives intralinguistiques telles que la reformulation simplifiée.À notre avis une meilleure compréhension des questions de résolution langagière pourrait aider les enseignantsà mettre au point des approches dialogiques plus efficaces lorsqu'il s'agit d'enseigner aux apprenants anglophones les mots propres au langage mathématique.

10.5590/JERAP.2021.11.1.18Science process skills were scaffolded throughout instruction over the ten-week program. The culminating project included the development, design, and testing of their own independent science fair project. The results reflect an increase in students’ self-efficacy which was evidenced by the students’ preparation and presentation of their projects in the science fair.

A mixed methods, action research case study was conducted to investigate the effects of incorporating LEGO robotics into a seventh-grade mathematics curriculum focused on the development of proportional reasoning through the lens of Social Constructivist Theory. This study applied students' prior knowledge of the distance, rate, and time formula as they used LEGO EV3 robots to calculate the rate of a robot. The information gained was applied to different iterations, and structures, of the formula to support the development of proportional reasoning skills. The purposefully designed lessons were integral to the development of the students' understanding of the proportionality existing among the variables. The quantitative analysis reflects the acquisition of understanding of proportional relationships with the greatest increase being from lowperforming students. The qualitative analysis provides an in-depth look at how students used their understanding of the distance, rate, and time relationship to develop proportional reasoning skills. Overall, the inclusion of robotics was productive for learning; however, future studies should be completed, on larger student populations, as a means to validate the quantitative findings and continue to improve the curriculum.