In the past two decades, flexible bronchoscopy (FB) has gained increasing popularity among pediatric pulmonologists. The objective of this study was to review our experience with pediatric flexible bronchoscopy over the past 15 years, with special focus on route of bronchoscopy. This is a retrospective study. We reviewed our pediatric FB procedures performed at the University of Michigan, Mott Children's Hospital, from 1988-2003. The study included 1,947 procedures in 1,548 patients, with a mean of 1.3 procedures/patient. The male:female ratio was 1.66:1, and age was 4.9 +/- 5.6 years (mean +/- SD). Patients <2 years of age represented 46.6% of the study population. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was the most common route for flexible bronchoscopy in children 2 years of age and above. Complication rates were lower with the use of the LMA (1.9%) compared to the nasal route (3.5%). Stridor was the most common indication in the age group <2 years (20.8%), while persistent pulmonary infiltrates were more common in the older age groups (32.2-37%). Laryngomalacia was the most common finding in patients with stridor (31.5%), while inflammatory changes were more common with other indications. Procedure-related complications were reported in 2.3% of procedures. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained and analyzed in 51.2% of FB procedures (n=1,000), of which 19.4% yielded positive microbiology cultures. In conclusion, FB is a safe procedure in pediatrics. Children less than 7 years of age represent the majority of FB subjects. The LMA offered a lower rate of procedure-related complications when compared to the nasal route or endotracheal tube. It also reduced procedure time and anesthesia time.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by ultra-structural defects of the cilia. In this report, we describe the long-term use of nebulized dornase alfa in two siblings with PCD. This is the first report of long-term use of dornase alfa in PCD.