Resorbable calcium phosphate (CaP)‐based biomaterials are important because they can significantly improve health care by shortening the time necessary for restoration of functional loading of grafted bones. Although synthetic CaPs show exceptional similarities to natural bone, however, they are deficient in one major area, in that they do not have the same mineral content of bone. The focus of our work is to understand the influence of dopants on the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) resorbable ceramics with special emphasis toward in vitro strength degradation and cell–materials interactions as a function of time. For this purpose, β‐TCP was doped with magnesia (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silica (SiO2). Those dopants were added as individual dopants, and their binary and ternary compositions. It was found that these dopants significantly influenced densification behavior and as sintered microstructures of TCP. In vitro mineralization studies in simulated body fluids (SBF) for 12 weeks showed apatite growth on the highly porous compositions either on the surface or inside. From scanning electron microscopic analysis it was evident that surface degradation occurred on all compositions in SBF. Compression strengths for samples up to 12 weeks in SBF showed that it is possible to tailor strength loss behavior through compositional modifications. The highest compression strength was found for binary MgO–ZnO doped TCP. Overall, samples showed either a similar strength level during the 12 weeks test period, or a continuous decrease or a continuous increase in strength depending on dopant chemistry or amount. In vitro human osteoblast cell culture was used to determine influence of dopants on cell‐materials interactions. All samples were non‐toxic and biocompatible. Dopant chemistry also influenced adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblastic precursor cell line 1 (OPC1) cells on these matrices.

Laser processed NiTi alloy was anodized for different durations in H2SO4 electrolyte with varying pH to create biocompatible surfaces with low Ni ion release as well as bioactive surfaces to enhance biocompatibility and bone cell-materials interactions. The anodized surfaces were assessed for their in vitro cell-materials interactions using human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells for 3, 7 and 11 days, and Ni ion release up to 8 weeks in simulated body fluids. The results were correlated with surface morphologies of anodized surfaces characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results show that the anodization creates a surface with nano/micro roughness depending on anodization conditions. The hydrophilicity of NiTi surface was found to improve after anodization due to lower contact angles in cell media, which dropped from 32° to < 5°. The improved wettability of anodized surfaces is further corroborated by their high surface energy comparable to that of cp Ti. Relatively high surface energy, especially polar component, and nano/micro surface features of anodized surfaces significantly increased the number of living cells and their adherence and growth on these surfaces. Finally, a significant drop in Ni ion release from 268 ± 11 to 136 ± 15 ppb was observed for NiTi surfaces after anodization. This work indicates that anodization of NiTi alloy has a positive influence on the surface energy and surface morphology, which in turn improve bone cell-materials interactions and reduce Ni ion release in vitro.

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Ossos bovinos calcinados são utilizados na fabricação de porcelana de ossos (bone china), consistindo em mais de 50% em peso das matérias-primas. A fabricação deste tipo especial de porcelana ainda é inédita no Brasil. Neste trabalho investigou-se a influência das etapas de calcinação, moagem e lavagem sobre as características físico-químicas das partículas de cinza de ossos. Os pós calcinados a temperaturas entre 700 e 1000 ºC foram analisados quanto às suas distribuições de tamanho de partículas, composições químicas, composições de fases, densidades, área de superfície específica, grupos funcionais superficiais antes e depois de moídos e lavados. Os resultados indicam que os ossos processados nas temperaturas de 700, 800 900 e 1000 °C apresentam grande homogeneidade tanto química (composição química e mobilidade eletroforética) como física (tamanhos de partículas e composição de fases) antes e depois da moagem e lavagem, Contudo, apresentam um leve aumento no tamanho médio de partículas com o aumento de temperatura de calcinação. Outro fato relevante na qualidade da superfície do pó obtido é que estes devem ser calcinados sob atmosferas oxidantes para eliminação de espécies adsorvidas que podem prejudicar a formação de barbotinas estáveis.

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