Background and Objectives: This paper describes the laser techniques available for the treatment of surgical and trauma scars and develops recommendations for an algorithmic-based treatment approach based on extensive clinical experience and published data. Study Design/Materials and Methods: We reviewed the literature regarding laser treatment of surgical and traumatic scars and incorporated the clinical experience of the authors to develop an algorithm for the treatment of surgical and trauma scars. Results: In order to develop treatment recommendations, scars were differentiated based on their clinical characteristics. Specific scar characteristics aid in determining the appropriate treatment strategy for different types of complex surgical and trauma scars. Conclusion: Laser therapy is first-line therapy for traumatic and surgical scars. The treatment approach should be guided by scar characteristics (e.g., anatomic location, type of injury, color, thickness, tension, scar age, and activity) and involves choosing the appropriate laser type and determining the benefit of combination therapy with surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities to optimize treatment responses. Lasers Surg. Med.

cSCC is increasing in prevalence due to increased lifespans and improvements in survival for conditions that increase the risk of cSCC. The absolute mortality of cSCC exceeds melanoma in the United States and approaches that of melanoma worldwide. This review presents significant changes in the management of cSCC, focusing on improvements in risk stratification, new treatment options, optimization of existing treatments, and prevention strategies. One major breakthrough in cSCC treatment is the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which have ushered in a renaissance in the treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic disease. These agents have offered patients with advanced disease decreased therapeutic toxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy agents, a more durable response after discontinuation, and improved survival. cSCC is an active field of research, and this review will highlight some of the novel and more developed clinical trials that are likely to impact cSCC management in the near future.

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Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an ulcerating neutrophilic dermatosis that is often associated with the underlying systemic disease. For example, PG is often a common presenting symptom in patients with hematologic malignancies, most commonly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we present the case of a patient who developed PG and a lichenoid drug eruption after the initiation of ipilimumab and nivolumab immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) therapy. Lichenoid drug eruptions are well known to be associated with ICPI therapy, particularly nivolumab. However, only one case of PG has been reported in association with ipilimumab and no cases have ever been reported with nivolumab. Awareness that PG can be associated with ICPI therapy in patients with MDS can allow physicians to be better prepared to help in early recognition and early treatment to prevent the spread of disease.

Ipilimumab and nivolumab are human monoclonal antibodies used in cancer therapy. Ipilimumab targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen and nivolumab acts against programmed death receptor-1. Both drugs have extensive side effect profiles with high rates of cutaneous involvement. We present a 57-year-old male with stage IV esophageal/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma that developed histologically confirmed toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) 6 days after cotreatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab. He presented with diffuse erythematous macules with confluence and large flaccid bullae with scrotal and mucosal involvement. He improved significantly following drug cessation, steroids, and antibiotics. TEN has been reported with ipilimumab and/or nivolumab, as have other severe drug reactions including Stevens–Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme major. As a true dermatologic emergency, TEN should be recognized as a potential complication of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and other immune checkpoint inhibitors, so clinicians can quickly recognize the condition and initiate therapy.

AFHS is a benign finding that may be caused by subclinical ligamentum teres injury, focal synovitis, or degeneration of acetabular fossa fat. Despite uncertainty regarding its etiology, recognition of AFHS as a benign finding can prevent morbidity associated with unnecessary biopsy or initiation of therapy.

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