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Polymer and textiles have a vast number of advantages and attractiveness as a material. However, despite these advantageous, polymers have limitations. In general, special surface properties with regard to chemical composition, hydrophilicity, roughness, crystallinity, conductivity, lubricity, and cross-linking density are required for successful application of polymers in such wide fields as adhesion, membrane filtration, coatings, friction and wear, composites, microelectronic devices, thin-film technology and biomaterials, and so on. Unfortunately, polymers very often do not possess the surface properties needed for these applications. In fact, polymeric fibers that are mechanically strong, chemically stable, and easy to process usually will have inert surfaces both chemically and biologically. Vice versa, those polymers having active surfaces usually do not possess excellent mechanical properties which are critical for their successful application. Due to this dilemma, surface modification of the polymeric fibers without changing the bulk properties has been a classical research topic for many years, and is still extensive studies as new applications of polymeric materials emerge, especially in the fields of biotechnology, bioengineering, and most recently in nanotechnology. Modification is used to designate a deliberate change in composition or structure leading to an improvement in different type of fiber properties. The challenge is, however, that there does not exist an ideal modification that eliminates all the negative properties and preserves all the positive properties of the fibers. This is why there are a great number of different single-purpose modifications. [1]

It has been recognized that microorganisms, can thrive on a textile substrate. Natural fibers such as cotton are more susceptible than synthetics because their porous hydrophilic structure retains water, oxygen, and nutrients, providing a perfect environment for bacterial growth. A variety of antibacterial finishes have now been developed for application to textiles. Earlier efforts were based on insolubilization of inorganic compounds, like copper and other organometallic salts. Copper sterilization capabilities prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and germs. Low temperature plasma (LTP) is a useful technique for surface modification of polymers and textile fabrics in dry systems. In this study, we have used a DC magnetron sputtering system for creating antibacterial properties on cotton fabrics. A copper anode and cathode were used, and samples were placed on the anode. The cathode particles were scattered by attacking active ions, radicals, and electrons. Copper particles were deposited on the surface of cotton samples, and the antibacterial has been developed, through incorporation of copper particles on fabric surfaces. The antibacterial properties of the fabrics were connected with the presence of copper on their surface. After plasma treatment, the physical and chemical properties of the fabrics were examined by surface analysis methods and textile technology tests. Also the antibacterial efficiency was determined by the Halo method. The experimental work suggests that the change in properties induced by LTP can effect an improvement in certain textile products.

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In this work, the silver particle absorption and antibacterial activity of cotton fabric when modified by low temperature plasma were investigated. The modification consisted of plasma prefunctionalization followed by one-step wet treatment with silver nitrate solution. Oxygen and nitrogen were used as the working gases in the system, and the results were compared. The results showed that nitrogen plasma-treated samples can absorb more silver particles than oxygen-treated samples, and thus the antibacterial activity of the samples in this case, which was analyzed by the counting bacteria test, was increased considerably.

Polyester fabrics were modified by dielectric barrier discharge and then dyed with different classes of natural (henna, madder, lotus, and matricaria) and synthetic (acidic, basic, and disperse) dyes. The approach introduced in this work comprises the formation of functional groups on the surfaces of the polyester fabrics by using atmospheric pressure plasma. After plasma treatment, the properties of the fabric, including surface morphology and dyeing properties with different classes of synthetic and natural dyes, were investigated. The modified polyester fabrics treated with different dyes exhibited different dyeing properties. The results show that dielectric barrier discharge modification on the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics improved dyeability of fabrics. The extent of improvement for natural dyes is higher than that for synthetic dyes.

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