LOS sepsis is an important risk factor for thrombocytopenia in the NICU. Fungal and gram- negative sepsis are frequently associated with a decreased platelet count. Sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia is more common among LBW babies and preterm babies. The mortality rate is significantly related to degree of thrombocytopenia.

In exclusively breastfed infants, we observed acute infantile encephalopathy with epidemiological, clinical, biochemical, and radiological features suggestive of infantile Wernicke's encephalopathy and a favourable therapeutic response to thiamine supplementation during the acute stage.

Background: Malnutrition is significant contributor of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. More than 1/3rd of world’s severely malnourished children live in India. The aim was to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological profile and co-morbidities of SAM (severe acute malnutrition) children and to recognize socio-demographic risk factors of SAM children.Methods: It was a prospective hospital based case study. The prospective hospital based study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2020 and included children less than 5 years admitted to an paediatrics ward and satisfying the WHO definition of SAM. Data were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and SPSS software version 16 for windows was used for analysis.Results: 112 patients were taken for study. Mean age of admitted children were 16±3 months. Male:female ratio was 1:1.22. SAM is more common in nuclear families (N=67, 59.83%), illiterate mothers (N=72, 62.48%), children with high birth order more than 3 (N=42, 37%) and low socioeconomically status Kuppaswamy IV (N=72, 64.28%).The most common associated infections were acute gastroenteritis (82.14) and respiratory tract infections (54.20%). Hypoglycaemia (14.28) was the most common metabolic complication. The most commonly used supplementary food used was over diluted cow milk (43.67%).Conclusions: The problem of SAM is multifactorial (rural background, low socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, incomplete immunization). The findings of this study confirm the association of severe acute malnutrition with appropriate infant and young child feeding practices. NRCS provide life-saving care for children.

Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are prone to malnutrition. Children with cyanotic CHD [CCHD] are specifically affected due to chronic hypoxia and iron deficiency anemia which is overlooked by pediatrician. This can have a significant effect on the outcome of surgery. Our objective was to determine the burden and determinant of malnutrition in children with several types of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD).Methods: This case-control study included 80 children with symptomatic CCHD, and 40 healthy children matched for age and sex as a control group. Clinical evaluation and laboratory assessment of nutritional status were documented. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and Z scores for weight for age (WAZ), weight for height (WHZ), and height for age (HAZ) have been calculated. Haemoglobin, red cell indices and serum iron, total iron binding capacity and serum ferritin was done in cases and controls.Results: The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 72.5% in patients with CCHD and 22.5% in controls. Severe malnutrition was diagnosed in 68.9% of cases. All anthropometric measurements which markers of nutritional state are were significantly lower in the patients group compared to controls. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 47.5% in the study population. The study also showed that hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, RBC count were paradoxically higher in the cyanotic CHD as compared to the healthy controls though the iron studies revealed the iron deficiency. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), values were the parameters, which were found to be statistically significant to differentiate the study groups.Conclusions: Malnutrition is a very common problem in children with symptomatic CCHD, the prevalence of IDA in children with CCHD was found to be high.

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