BackgroundShorter telomere length is associated with numerous comorbidities. Several studies have investigated the role of obesity in telomere shortening. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the results of studies that evaluated the association between obesity and telomere length.MethodsA systematic search from Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ProQuest electronic databases up to 19 March 2021 without language restriction was performed and after data extraction and screening, 19 manuscripts were eligible to be included in the final meta-synthesis.ResultsThe highest category of telomere length was associated with an approximate 0.75 kg/m2 reduction in body mass index (BMI; WMD = −0.75 kg/m2; CI = −1.19, −0.31; p < 0.001; I2 = 99.4%). Moreover, overweight/obese individuals had 0.036 kbp shorter telomere length compared with non-overweight/obese adults (WMD = −0.036; CI = −0.05, −0.02; p = 0.030; I2 = 100%). According to the results of subgroupings, continent, age, and sample size could be possible sources of heterogeneity.ConclusionFrom the results, it was clear that obesity was associated with shorter telomere length. Because of the observational design of included studies, the causality inference of results should be done with caution; thus, further longitudinal studies are warranted for better inference of causal association.
Background: Trauma is the leading cause of death in people under 40 years of age worldwide. Various studies have been conducted focused on reducing the annual mortality rate due to trauma. One of the most important measures is reducing the time between the incident and the treatment set up, therefore estimation of the severity of trauma and progressing to mortality before further evaluation is justified. Numerous trauma scoring systems have been apllied worldwide as models for predicting mortality of trauma patients in short and long term periods based on clinical and laboratory data. In this study we aim to compare different trauma scoring systems (such as GAP, MGAP, RTS, TRISS) with a relatively new model – Shiraz Trauma Transfusion Score (STTS) – and to discribe the best qualities of these scoring systems for trauma patients in short (less than 24 hours) and long (more than 24 hours) term.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from hospitalized trauma patients in Rajaei hospital (center B) of Shiraz, Iran from May to November 2016 were collected and analyzed. Collected data consisted of age, sex, hospital admission duration, mechanism of trauma along with clinical data for calculating different trauma scoring systems, were recorded. Results: while RTS and STTS were the best predictors of mortality in trauma patients in the first 24 hours (sensitivity of 100.00%), GAP and MGAP were the best predictors of the patients’ survival (specificity of 93.83% and 92.59%). GAP and ISS were the best predictors of mortality in trauma patients for more than 24 hours (sensitivity of 82.02%). On the other hand, TRIS and RTS was the best predictors of patients' survival (specificity of 82.59% and 80.26%).Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that the utility and applicability of Shiraz Trauma Transfusion Score(STTS) in predicting mortality is not only comparable with other commonly used scoring methods but it may be of more value in short term mortality prediction.
Background Recent studies have shown that dietary intakes and gene variants have a critical role in the obesity related comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the interactions between Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene rs174583 polymorphism and two dietary indices on cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 347 obese adults aged 20-50 years old in Tabriz, Iran. Healthy eating index (HEI) and Diet quality index-international (DQI-I) were evaluated by a validated semi-quantitative 147-item Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine FADS2 gene variants. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to identify gene-diet interactions on metabolic parameters. Results Waist circumference (WC) and serum triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher among carriers of TT genotype of FADS2 gene (P < 0.05). In addition, the interactions between FADS2 gene rs174583 polymorphism and DQI-I had significant effects on weight (P interaction = 0.01), fat mass (P interaction = 0.04), fat free mass (P interaction = 0.03), and Body mass index (BMI) (P interaction = 0.02); the highest level of these parameters belonged to TT carriers. Similarly, the interactions between FADS2 gene variants and HEI had significant effects on insulin (P interaction < 0.001), Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P interaction < 0.001), Quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI) (P interaction = 0.001), and alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) (P interaction = 0.03). Conclusion In this study, for the first time, we reported the effects of gene-diet interactions on metabolic traits. Compliance with dietary indices (DQI-I and HEI) ameliorated the adverse effects of gene variants on metabolic risk factors, especially in heterogeneous genotypes. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these results.
Background and Objective: Trauma is the leading cause of death in people under 40 years of age worldwide. Various studies have been conducted focused on reducing the annual mortality rate due to trauma. One of the most important measures is reducing the time between the incident and the treatment set up, therefore the estimation of the severity of trauma and progressing to mortality before further evaluation is justified. In this study, we aim to compare different trauma scoring systems (such as GAP, MGAP, RTS, TRISS) with a relatively new model – Shiraz Trauma Transfusion Score (STTS) – and to describe the best qualities of these scoring systems for trauma patients in short (less than 24 hours) and long (more than 24 hours) term.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from hospitalized trauma patients in Rajaei hospital (center B) of Shiraz, Iran from May to November 2016 were collected and analyzed. Collected data consisted of age, sex, hospital admission duration, mechanism of trauma along with clinical data for calculating different trauma scoring systems, were recorded. Results: while RTS and STTS were the best predictors of mortality in trauma patients in the first 24 hours (sensitivity of 100.00%), GAP and MGAP were the best predictors of the patients’ survival (specificity of 93.83% and 92.59%). GAP and ISS were the best predictors of mortality in trauma patients for more than 24 hours (sensitivity of 82.02%). On the other hand, TRIS and RTS were the best predictors of patients' survival (specificity of 82.59% and 80.26%).Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that the utility and applicability of Shiraz Trauma Transfusion Score(STTS) in predicting mortality is not only comparable with other commonly used scoring methods but it may be of more value in shortterm mortality prediction.
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