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The premise is that a biometric is a measurable physical characteristic which are reliable than passwords. Iris biometry is used to recognize an individual in a natural and intuitive way. Secure communications and mobile commerce are some of the application areas. Iris based security applications thrive on infrared cameras and video cameras for logins and transaction authentications. Accuracy, algorithm speed and template size are attributes that are important for large-scale identity programs and national database applications. In this paper, different iris recognition methods which aid an appropriate outlook for future work to build integrated classifier on latest input devices for excellent business transactions are discussed. Benchmark databases, products are also discussed. Since the area is currently one of the most on the go and the bulk of research is very large, this survey covers some of the significant methods.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) testing after initial chemotherapy treatment can predict relapse and survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, it has not been established if repeat molecular or genetic testing during chemotherapy can offer information regarding the chemotherapy sensitivity of the leukemic clone. Blood from 45 adult AML patients at day 1 and 4 of induction (n = 35) or salvage (n = 10) cytotoxic chemotherapy was collected for both quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assessment (WT1) and next generation sequencing (>500 × depth) of 49 gene regions recurrently mutated in MDS/AML. The median age of subjects was 62 (23–78); 42% achieved a complete response. WT1 was overexpressed in most patients tested but was uninformative for very early MRD assessment. A median of 4 non-synonymous variants (range 0–7) were detected by DNA sequencing of blood on day 1 of therapy [median variant allele frequency (VAF): 29%]. Only two patients had no variants detectable. All mutations remained detectable in blood on day 4 of intensive chemotherapy and remarkably the ratio of mutated to wild-type sequence was often maintained. This phenomenon was not limited to variants in DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1. The kinetics of NPM1 and TP53 variant burden early during chemotherapy appeared to be exceptions and exhibited consistent trends in this cohort. In summary, molecular testing of blood on day 4 of chemotherapy is not predictive of clinical response to cytotoxic induction therapy in AML. The observed stability in variant allele frequency suggests that cytotoxic therapy may have a limited therapeutic index for clones circulating in blood containing these mutations. Further validation is required to confirm the utility of monitoring NPM1 and TP53 kinetics in blood during cytotoxic therapy.

Disseminated Fusarium infection is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often have an extended duration of neutropenia during intensive induction chemotherapy, consolidation chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). There is no consensus regarding management of invasive disseminated Fusarium infections in the setting of prolonged neutropenia (Tortorano et al., 2014) [1]. We report a case of disseminated Fusarium in a patient with relapsed AML who underwent successful chemotherapy and haplo-identical allogeneic SCT with administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte infusions.

A B S T R A C TTherapy for those with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia is suboptimal. Studies have suggested that timed sequential salvage combination cytotoxic chemotherapy may be particularly useful for that indication. We report here a series of ten such adult patients treated sequentially at a single center with EMA (cytarabine 500 mg/m 2 /day as continuous infusion on days 1-3 and days 8-10, mitoxantrone 12 mg/m 2 /day on days 1-3, and etoposide 200 mg/m 2 /day as continuous infusion on days 8-10). The overall complete remission rate was 40% (including 3 of 4 of those with relapsed disease), but use of this regimen was associated with prolonged cytopenia and a high rate of infectious adverse events. Even with the availability of modern infectious prophylaxis and therapies, the EMA regimen is likely best reserved for those with relapsed disease treated with curative intent prior to an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant.

This research introduces an approach to detect malware attacks using blockchain technology that integrates signature-based and behavioralbased methods. The proposed system uses a decentralized blockchain network to share and store malware signatures and behavioral patterns. This enables faster and more efficient detection of new malware files. The signature-based method involves storing the signatures in the blockchain and the sharing of the signature of malware files among the user nodes of the p2p blockchain network, while the behavioral-based approach analyzes the behavior and actions of files in a separate virtualized environment to identify suspicious patterns. This system addresses the limitations of conventional signature-based methods, which can be evaded by polymorphic malware, and behavioral-based methods, which may generate false positives. The results of the evaluation indicate that the proposed system achieves high detection rates while maintaining low false positives. Overall, the proposed system offers an effective and efficient approach to malware detection by utilizing the strengths of both signature-based and behavioral-based methods and utilizing the security and transparency benefits of blockchain technology.

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IntroductionTn polyagglutination syndrome is a rare disorder that has been reported on only a few occasions in the literature, and, to the best of our knowledge, never before in the context of febrile neutropenia.Case presentationWe report the case of a 26-year-old Caucasian woman who presented to our emergency department complaining of a persistent fever over the previous three days. She had a history of long-standing refractory pancytopenia with multi-lineage dysplasia and severe neutropenia, but she had rarely experienced infection. The results of a physical examination and multiple laboratory tests were unremarkable. While investigating the possible causes of the refractory, long-standing pancytopenia, the possibility of a polyagglutinable state was suggested. Blood samples were sent to the laboratory for an analysis of mixed-field seed lectin agglutination assay. A serum lectin panel confirmed the final diagnosis of Tn-activation.ConclusionsWe should include Tn-activation in our differential whenever we encounter cases of refractory long-standing idiopathic cytopenias and inconclusive bone marrow results displaying multi-lineage dysplasia. Novel genetic techniques have recently revealed the interesting pathophysiology of this phenomenon. The recognition and inclusion of Tn polyagglutination syndrome in our differential diagnoses has important clinical implications, given its main associated features, such as severe thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, which are usually linked to a benign clinical course and prognosis. Increased awareness of the polyagglutinable disorders will potentially decrease the need for invasive and costly medical interventions and also raises the need for monitoring of this specific sub-set of patients. In addition, the study of the expression and implications of Tn, and other similar antigens, offers a fascinating perspective for the study of its role in the diagnosis, prognosis and immunotherapy of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The infrequency with which Tn polyagglutination syndrome is encountered, its clinical features and its pathophysiology make it a formidable diagnostic challenge.