(90)Yttrium radioembolization utilizing glass microspheres in patients with liver metastases results in changes of hepatic parenchymal volume and also induced findings suggestive of fibrosis and portal hypertension. Further studies assessing the long-term effects are warranted.
Incidentally detected, small bowel intussusceptions without an identifiable pathological lead point, with a normal wall thickness, a length of less than 3.5 cm, normal nondilated proximal bowel and normal vascularity on color Doppler reduce spontaneously and are of no clinical significance.
Objective
1) To evaluate the feasibility of fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a fast spin echo sequence at 3.0T field strength with low radio frequency (rf) energy deposition (as measured by specific absorption rate – SAR) than 1.5T; 2) and to compare image quality, tissue contrast and conspicuity between 1.5T and 3.0T MRI.
Methods
T2 weighted images of the fetal brain at 1.5T were compared to similar data obtained in the same fetus using a modified sequence at 3.0T. Quantitative whole body SAR and normalized image signal to noise ratio (SNR); and a nominal scoring scheme based evaluation of diagnostic image quality and tissue contrast & conspicuity for specific anatomical structures in the brain, were compared between 1.5T and 3.0T.
Results
12 pregnant women underwent both 1.5T and 3.0T MRI examinations. The image SNR was significantly higher (p=0.03) and whole body SAR was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) for images obtained at 3.0T compared to 1.5T. All cases at both field strengths were scored as having diagnostic image quality. Images from 3.0T MRI (compared to 1.5T) were: 1) equal (57%; 21/37) or superior (35%; 13/37) for tissue contrast; and 2) equal (61%; 20/33) or superior (33%, 11/33) for conspicuity.
Conclusion
It is possible to obtain fetal brain images with higher resolution and better SNR at 3.0T with simultaneous reduction in SAR compared to 1.5T. Images of the fetal brain obtained at 3.0T demonstrated superior tissue contrast and conspicuity compared to 1.5T.
In endemic areas like India, ultrasound findings of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ileal and cecal thickening, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and thick-walled gallbladder are diagnostic features of typhoid. Ultrasound can be a non-invasive, economical and a reasonably sensitive tool for diagnosing typhoid when serology is equivocal and cultures are negative.
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