Climate change and wastewater control are one of the foremost demanding situations for Indian cities. Urbanization and unparalleled growth of cities across India continue to create immense pressure on land and water resources. This uncontrolled growth continues to produce growing volumes of wastewater. Climate change, impacts inclusive of, intense storm events in summer time or extended moist periods in wintry weather are quite visible in India. In urban and peri-urban areas, wastewater use for agriculture is an emerging precedence. Due to susceptible enforcement of regulatory, most of the wastewater generated is permitted off untreated/ partially treated. While many previous studies have checked out the global modifications and associated impacts of climatic variations on water resources, few have targeted at the evaluation of the particular effects and adaptation priorities for water systems in towns. Proper reuse of wastewater for irrigation will significantly lessen the shortage, offer a sustainable water source, improving farming productiveness, lessen pollution, generate livelihood potential for low earnings city households along with contributing to their each day food needs. There are tradeoffs which need to understand which includes problems to individual's health, and surroundings. Through suitable treatment methods, water users' cooperatives, policy shift and the introduction of market based approaches, treated wastewater use in agriculture can be enhanced and all associated risks can also be curtailed. This chapter focuses on use of treated urban wastewater and its management for agriculture in selected Indian cities.
Car accidents are happening every day. We must take into account the statistics – ten thousand dead and hundreds of thousands to million wounded each year. These numbers call for the necessity to improve the safety of automobiles during accidents. Automotive bumper system is one of the key systems in passenger cars which helps to protect the vehicle during impacts. The following paper deals with the design improvements in the front bumper of passenger cars in India, using impact analysis. The modification will be made considering size, shape and material.
Climate change and wastewater control are one of the foremost demanding situations for Indian cities. Urbanization and unparalleled growth of cities across India continue to create immense pressure on land and water resources. This uncontrolled growth continues to produce growing volumes of wastewater. Climate change, impacts inclusive of, intense storm events in summer time or extended moist periods in wintry weather are quite visible in India. In urban and peri-urban areas, wastewater use for agriculture is an emerging precedence. Due to susceptible enforcement of regulatory, most of the wastewater generated is permitted off untreated/ partially treated. While many previous studies have checked out the global modifications and associated impacts of climatic variations on water resources, few have targeted at the evaluation of the particular effects and adaptation priorities for water systems in towns. Proper reuse of wastewater for irrigation will significantly lessen the shortage, offer a sustainable water source, improving farming productiveness, lessen pollution, generate livelihood potential for low earnings city households along with contributing to their each day food needs. There are tradeoffs which need to understand which includes problems to individual's health, and surroundings. Through suitable treatment methods, water users' cooperatives, policy shift and the introduction of market based approaches, treated wastewater use in agriculture can be enhanced and all associated risks can also be curtailed. This chapter focuses on use of treated urban wastewater and its management for agriculture in selected Indian cities.
As far as cloth production is concerned, the dyeing process in textiles forms a bottleneck procedure, as this process consumes a great deal of time and high volumes of water per unit of fabric for processing, which causes depletion of groundwater levels at a high rate. Besides, textile effluents are discharged into rivers or wetlands without proper treatment in many cases. Untreated textile effluent can contaminate groundwater and water bodies, reduce dissolved oxygen in the water, and affect aquatic ecosystems, which may indirectly cause climate change. The waste generated in dyeing is mainly due to the cleaning process. Thus, the dyeing process needs to be improved and optimized to solve the problem and reduce delay. To take effective measures for future improvement, it is essential to develop a nature-inspired tracking system. The amount of emission and the performance can be improved by utilizing scheduling as a tool. In this view, the dyeing process is formulated as a bi-objective optimization model to reduce the tardiness cost and minimize the emission of wastewater during the cleaning process of the dyeing vat. The current problem is of a difficult nature; thus, multi-objective particle swarm optimization in collaboration with the tabu search algorithm has been used to attain good and nondominant results. The tabu search algorithm is used along with ejection chains to focus on the objectives of emission reduction and increase the number of desired solutions. It was found that the total processing time was reduced by 4–5 hours and water was reduced by 500 liters for dyeing 200 kg of yarn daily.
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