This study investigates the effects of the HIV and AIDS epidemic on economic growth in 42 sub-Saharan African countries using data spanning from 1990-2013. Unlike previous studies, we use a longer data horizon and take the time lag effect of the epidemic's incubation period that is, after it might have developed to AIDS into consideration in our estimations. We estimated an empirical growth equation within an augmented Solow model and applied the dynamic system GMM estimator. The results suggest that current HIV prevalence rateassociated with rising morbidity, has a negative effect on GDP per capita growth, conversely AIDS -associated with higher mortality in addition to morbidity, increases per capita GDP growth.
Entrepreneurship development calls for support from various quarters and primarily the need exists to initiate a youth entrepreneurship culture and drive amongst the youth in the society. The Malaysian government launched several programs and schemes to boost SMEs activities. This study aims to study the determinants of youth entrepreneur's business performance involved in micro SMEs in Malaysia. Specifically, the study analyses the relationship of infrastructure facility, business support facility and government policy with the performance of youth entrepreneurs. The study adopts a quantitative approach whereby a questionnaire survey was used to gather data. The questionnaires were distributed to sample selected using data by the Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) was chosen as a method to allow for contemporaneous correlation among errors in these regression models. The results of this study is expected to give insight into the developing youth entrepreneur, thus, assisting the government in formulation policies for the development of youth entrepreneur specifically involved in micro SMEs.
Over the years, Malaysian government has attributes to a number of supports programs to the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) sector. These includes the involvement of several government agencies, at both the federal and state levels, providing variety of programs to SMEs sector in achieving sustainable levels of growth and development. A well-developed financial infrastructure that is able to meet the diverse financing needs of SMEs is essential to support the competitiveness and continuous growth of SMEs.
Skill mismatch is one of the main challenges faced by small-sized enterprises (SSEs). Empirical evidence showed that, in far too many cases, workers are not well-matched with their current jobs. Some are over-skilled for their current jobs-they are capable of handling more complex tasks and their skills are underutilised-while others are under-skilled for their current jobs-they lack the skills normally needed for their job. Under-skilling is also likely to affect productivity and slow the rate at which more efficient technologies and approaches to work can be adopted. Skills policies should support employers in making better use of the talent available to them. Mechanisms that help managers, particularly in SSEs, to identify skill gaps should be emphasised. These include enhancing training delivery systems and practices that make the best use of the existing skills base.
Since 1990s, the increase in housing price, housing loan application rejection and bankruptcy due to housing loan default, have highlighted the need for a better way of home financing. Islamic home financing that promotes social well-being is a suitable alternative. Malaysia is in the forefront of Islamic financing system development, and Islamic home financing including the Musharakah Mutanaqisah (MM) is being implemented. Nevertheless, the MM is implemented with Wa’d. This jeopardizes the true spirit of partnership in MM home financing. Why MM is implemented with Wa’d? Is MM without Wa’d not feasible? The main objective of the present study is to simulate the case of MM without Wa’d and evaluate its feasibility. Results revealed that it is feasible to implement MM without Wa’d. In addition, MM without Wa’d could reduce the probability of loan default and increases the affordability of homeownership
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