Objective: To determine the in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates using an automated VITEK-2 compact system. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Railway Hospital (PRH) Rawalpindi collaborates with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Aug 2019. Methodology: 100 MRSA samples were isolated from tissue, pus, urine, blood, high vaginal swabs (HVS) and ear swabs using standard microbiological techniques. MRSA isolates' antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was made using an automated VITEK-2 compact system. Results: Among 100 MRSA isolates, 63% were obtained from pus and 17% from tissue, respectively. MRSA isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Linezolid. Susceptibility to other drugs has shown wide variation, i.e., Tigecycline 97%, Rifampicin 95%, Clindamycin 86%, Tetracycline 79%, and Cotrimoxazole 78%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of Vancomycin and Linezolid against MRSA isolates revealed that 41% had 0.5 µg/ml, 46% had one µg/ml, and 13% had two µg/ml for Vancomycin. Whereas for Linezolid, 38 isolates had MIC 1 µg/ml, then 62 isolates had MIC 2 µg/ml. Conclusion: All the isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Linezolid. Moreover, being less costly, Clindamycin, Tetracycline and Cotrimoxazole are good oral choices for empirical therapy against minor MRSA infections.
The study was designed to investigate the relationship of psychological well-being with depression and anxiety among heart patients.1 For this purpose, a sample of 200 patients was taken, including 100 men and 100 women, educated uneducated, employed and unemployed volunteers. The sample was taken from Nishtar Hospital, Combined military hospital and other private hospitals in Multan. The age range from 25 to 60 (mean age 43.085).2,3 Objective: To observe the effect of demographic variables (age, education, gender and source of finance) on psychological well-being and depression, anxiety in heart patients. Methods: 1. Low psychological well-being would be positively correlated with depression and anxiety. 2. Older age (above 50) heart patients would have low sense of psychological well-being as compared to younger age (above 35) heart patients. Results: Different statistical procedures were used to determine the relationship of psychological well-being with depression and anxiety among heart patients. Correlation was computed to see the relationship among variables. It was found that there is negative correlation between psychological well-being with depression and anxiety. Since the p-value in less than α (p-value < 0.01), so we reject null hypothesis Ho, and conclude that low psychological well-being is positively correlated with depression and anxiety. Conclusion: This study also finds out important findings on the role of stresses, feeling of worthlessness in depression and anxiety disorder. It is concluded that psychological well-being, depression and anxiety are not significant correlated with each other. Source of income or job and sex of the heart patients have significant effect on psychological well being. However there is no significant difference between men and women regarding the rate of depression and anxiety. Keywords: P-Value, Correlation, Null Hypothesis , Depression
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