Background In the last two years, the infectious disease such as COVID-19 create a prodigious uncertainty not only in general population but also in health care professionals. This often leads to emotional distress in general public and particularly in health care professionals. Objectives During COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, the health care professionals experienced unusual stressors. This study aimed to examine the coping responses, optimism, pessimism and psychiatric morbidity of health professionals serving the COVID-19 patients. Participants Total 87, health care professionals take part in study, whom 36 were physicians and 51 nursing staff. Among these 44 were male, and 43 were female. Method Researchers used cross sectional research design in this study. Physicians and nurses completed self-reported questionnaires. Participants provided demographics data and recorded their responses to self-administered questionnaires. Researchers administered Brief coping orientation to problems experiences (COPE) for assessing the coping strategies, while they assessed psychiatric morbidity through general health questionnaires. Similarly, future expectancy of health care professional was assessed by using life orientation scale. Participants were recruited from quarantine words in two federal government hospitals providing health care services to covid-19 patients in Pakistan. Result The result showed a significant relationship in optimism and problem focus coping style and avoidance coping style. Moreover, male health professionals score high on optimism as compared to female health professionals. While, avoidance coping style were seen higher in female health professional as compare to male. The result revealed that optimism and psychiatric morbidity were significantly positive in health professionals having problem focus and avoidance coping style.
Objective: The present research was conducted to assess whether doctors of private and public sector hospitals would differ in organizational conflict types after controlling gender.Material and Method: The sample comprised of 178 doctors employed in private and public sector hospitals among which 84 were from private hospitals and 94 were from public sector hospitals. Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory – III was used to assess the types of conflicts.Results: Results revealed that the doctors from private sector hospital experienced all types of conflicts more than doctors from public sector hospitals, after controlling for the gender. Further substantive conflict was experienced more than other types of conflicts in both settings.Conclusion: Although, type of sector plays a major role in determining level of conflicts in doctors, yet task related conflicts named as substantive conflicts are dominant in both types of settings whether private or public.
Performance appraisal is a fundamental action for any association that searches for the development and to make the greatest benefit in this regularly expanding focused condition. The principle reason for this performance appraisal is to compute the power of performance appraisal approach towards the workers and furthermore to think about the connection between performance execution and performance examination. To get to worker's execution, performance appraisal is another approach which is usually utilized on associations to get out progressive updates in representative execution. The basic instrument of a significant performance appraisal framework arbitrary, while the present procedure of performance comprises of tolerating the essentials and the fundamental advances that set the association. As we realize that performance appraisal is a mistaken, human process thus it is an extreme errand to effectively incorporate. At the point when performance appraisal framework was first actualized the procedure was non straightforward. Means representatives were not told about their execution. There was no deliberate work out and the total procedure was appraisal holds self-evaluation by the representative also. Along these lines when the framework has enhanced from non-straight forwardness to straightforwardness.
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