Objectives: This study was done with the objective to identify the determinants of mild, moderate and frequent burdens of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) which may guide the health care professionals to stratify the high risk patients on basis of their symptoms. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC) from 18th April 2016 to 20th March 2018. It comprised 60 diagnosed patients of PVCs, divided into three groups on the basis of their PVCs burden determined by Holter monitoring report. Each group of mild (Group-A), moderate (Group-B) and frequent burden (Group-C) constituted 20 patients having PVC burden <10%, 10-20% and >20% respectively. All patients were evaluated for their symptoms by a cardiologist. Statistical analysis was done to determine the association of patient’s symptom and age with mild, moderate and frequent PVCs burden. Results: PVCs were significantly associated with presence of symptoms as compared to asymptomatic patients. While no significant correlation of age or any specific symptom (palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath) was found with mild, moderate and frequent PVCs burden with p-value of 0.466. Conclusions: Mild, moderate or frequent PVCs burden are not associated with any specific symptom predominantly or old age. So, it is equally important for all the patients presenting with any symptom of palpitations, chest pain, dizziness or shortness of breath to undergo the work up of PVCs, irrespective of their age. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2873 How to cite this:Ambreen S, Fayyaz H, Hayat A, Shamsi NA. Association of age and symptoms with frequency of Premature Ventricular Contractions on 24 hours Holter monitoring. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2873 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Objectives: To compare the levels of cortisol in patients of vasovagal syncope (VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi and Electrophysiology Department at (AFIC). This study included 80 subjects, comprising of 35 patients in each group of vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome and 10 healthy subjects. Patients with complaint of syncope was evaluated for vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome using Head Up Tilt Test (HUTT). Blood samples of all the participants were taken and serum cortisol was analyzed using ELISA method. Results were analyzed on SPSS Statistics 21 using ANOVA with a p-value of ≤0.05 regarded as significant. Results: Hormonal analysis shows that cortisol levels in the vasovagal, postural tachycardia syndrome and in control group was 153±16.7pg/ml, 160.17±pg/ml, and 69.65±5.8pg/ml respectively. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in both vasovagal and POTS groups as compared to controls with a p-value of 0.04 and 0.023 respectively. However, there was no significant difference between vasovagal and POTS patients with p value 0.570. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that cortisol responses of VVS and POTS were positive. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4122 How to cite this:Khan HF, Ambreen S, Raziq H, Hayat A. Comparison of cortisol levels in patients with vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4122 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Objective: To determine the correlation of serum anti-mullerian hormone with follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels in male patients of depression. Method: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Islamic International Medical College and the Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from March 4, 2017, to March 29, 2018, and comprised male patients aged 18-60 years suffering from depression diagnosed on the basis of Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale. Serum anti-mullerian hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels of all patients were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Correlation of anti-mullerian hormone with the rest was explored. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: There were 72 male subjects with mean age 35.19±9.97 years. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum anti-mullerian hormone levels and serum follicular stimulating hormone levels (p=0.001), but the correlation was not significant with serum luteinizing hormone and serum testosterone levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: Anti-Mullerian Hormone was found to be significantly correlated with follicular stimulating hormone, but not with luteinizing hormone and testosterone. Key Words: Depression, Testosterone, Anti-mullerian hormone.
Background: Depression is a psychiatric illness that affects the overall life quality of an individual. In depression along with other symptoms, one of the features affecting the personal life of individuals is loss of libido which is influenced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. This study was aimed to determine the serum levels of Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) in depressed male patients. Methodology: This comparative cross sectional study was done at Islamic International Medical College and Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health, Military Hospital Rawalpindi after being approved by ethical review committee. After informed consent, 96 male individuals having 18 – 60 years of age participated in the current study. Participants were segregated into groups A and B. Gender and age-matched healthy subjects in a quantity of 24 were taken in group A whereas group B consisted of 72 male depressed patients. Serum gonadotropins levels of both groups were compared by using an independent student t-test in SPSS 21. Results: Serum FSH (2.66 ± 0.34 mIU/ml) and LH (2.67 ±0.18 mIU/ml) levels of Group A have shown no significant difference as compared to serum FSH (3.32 ± 0.43 mIU/ml) and LH (3.12 ± 0.19 mIU/ml) levels of Group B. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that serum FSH and LH levels were not significantly decreased in individuals with depression. Keywords: Depression, Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone
ObjectiveThe study was aimed to evaluate the levels of NT-proBNP in mild, moderate and frequent ventricular ectopic burden in patients with preserved left ventricular function.Material and methodsA case control study was conducted in Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC) after approval from ethical review committee (ERC) of Riphah University (Ref #Riphah/IIMC/ERC/17/0230). It comprised of 120 Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) patients with 40 patients in each group of mild (<10%), moderate (10-20%) and frequent (>20%) PVCs burden. 40 healthy subjects with no PVCs were taken as a control group. NT-proBNP levels were measured in all groups and statistical analysis was done by applying ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests to evaluate its association with PVCs burdenResultsNT-proBNP levels were found to be raised in all PVCs burden of <10%, 10-20% and >20% as compare to control group with p value of 0.039, 0.02 and 0.009 respectively. p value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients show higher NT-proBNP levels as compared to control group with p-value of .002 and .04.Conclusion It is concluded that NT-proBNP levels are raised in patients of PVCs. This finding can be helpful for diagnostic purposes of PVCs.
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