Benzotriazole (BTAH) and copper ions exhibit synergistic effects on the electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy and corrosion behavior of iron in sulfuric acid. The presence of submicro- and micromolar
amounts of Cu2+ ions along with millimolar amounts of BTAH caused order of magnitude increases in the
polarization resistance of the iron/acid interface, above those caused by either BTAH or Cu2+ ions (which is
equivalent to order of magnitude decreases in the corrosion rate). This was accompanied by a significant
decrease in the capacity of the electrical double layer of the interface, which also showed synergistic effects.
The results are interpreted in terms of the deposition, on the iron surface, of a protective film composed of
a polymeric complex formed from copper ions and adsorbed BTAH that is believed to be of the form [Cu(I)BTA]
n
. This film inhibits the cathodic partial (hydrogen evolution) reaction, which is the rate-determining
step (rds) and hence the overall corrosion reaction. An increase in the concentration of either Cu2+ or BTAH
enhances this synergistic effect. However, there is a critical concentration of copper ions (5 × 10-6 M) beyond
which further increase decreases the magnitude of the synergistic effect. This is attributed to deposition of
metallic copper on the iron surface at higher concentrations of Cu2+ ions, which promotes the rds and hence
the overall corrosion reaction. The results are supported by measurements of polarization curves and mass
loss under various conditions.
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) incidence is increasing worldwide. Efforts are directed to understand the biological and clinical signatures of EOCRC compared to late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC). EOCRC is thought to present differently across different ethnic groups and geographical regions. This study was an attempt to contribute with data from the Arab world toward the understanding of the clinicopathological parameters of EOCRC compared to LOCRC. Data from 254 CRC patients diagnosed at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from the period 2015–2020 were studied. About 32.6% of all diagnosed CRC patients are below 50 years old, with no differences in gender distribution between EOCRC and LOCRC (p-value 0.417). Rectal involvement and tumor laterality were comparable among the two groups. Adenocarcinoma accounts for 83.3% and 94.2% of EOCRC and LOCRC, respectively. More mucinous and signet ring adenocarcinoma (8.3% each) were reported in EOCRC than LOCRC (2.9% and 2.2%, respectively). MLH1 and PMS2 loss are more common among LOCRC, but MSH6 loss is more frequent in EOCRC. The overall survival of EOCRC and LOCRC was comparable (median survival 64.88 and 67.24 months, respectively). This study showed comparable clinicopathological parameters between EOCRC and LOCRC from Arabs, which adds to the bigger picture of understand the disease.
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