The most crucial function in drilling wells is the rate of penetration, which is modeled by many researchers, and the best one is Young-Bourgyen model, which is used in this study. Eight factors affecting rate of penetration have been studied and approved in developing a mathematical equation that shows the combined effects of these variables on rate of penetration optimization. This paper presents an efficient way to find the optimum values for parameters of the Young-Bourgyen model using metaheuristic algorithms. An actual drilling data was used from Khangiran field to calculate the difference between the actual penetration rate and the predicted one by different optimization algorithms. Particle swarm optimization, dynamic differential annealing optimization, artificial bee colony, gray wolf optimization, Harris hawk's optimization, flower pollination algorithm, firefly algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, and sine cosine algorithm are used to find best possible solution.
This work, presents a novel optimizer called fertilization optimization algorithm, which is based on levy flight and random search within a search space. It is a biologically inspired algorithm by the fertilization of the egg in reproduction of mammals. The performance of the algorithm was compared with other optimization algorithms on CEC2015 time expensive benchmarks and large scale optimization problems. Remarkably, the fertilization optimization algorithm has overcome other optimizers in many cases and the examination and comparison results are encouraging to use the fertilization optimization algorithm in other possible applications.
Leachate generated from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) may drain into groundwater aquifers as a consequence of rainfall, transmitted to the conterminous river system through groundwater flow and contaminate the environment. Iraq, because of the lack of accurate data and the high cost of measurement, accurate assessment of leachate generation levels has often been considered a problem. The production of leachate connects into many factors, such as the data of meteorological, levels of waste production, and requirements of design landfill, the large differences in these factors indicate that leachate modelling processes are complicated. The purpose of this paper is to predict the movement of various contaminants in landfill soil in Al Najaf city to predict the behaviour and distribution of landfill pollution in order to properly understand the distribution of contamination in these soil, to control it and to prevent groundwater contamination to predict the depth of leachate from landfill using numerical model by SEEP/W, and CTRAN/W packages from GeoStudio 2012 Software.
The phenomenon of capillary rise happens in soils, and it has a crucial effect on many engineering applications. Many researchers have concluded several experimental equations to estimate this height. This paper presents a comparative and practical study of the three most important equations used in most researches, which are Lane and Washburn, Fetter, and P-K equations. The estimated heights by these three equations were compared with the experimental tests on sand samples taken from Al-Adalah, Al-Furat, and Al-Jameah districts located in Al-Najaf city in the southwest of Iraq. The percentage change for each equation compared with the experimental work. The results illustrated that the Fetter equation is the closest equation to experimental height and gives moderate values, unlike the Lane and Washburn and P-K equations, to save estimation of the pollutants penetration in unsaturated soils.
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