Many medicinal plants including Talinum triangulare (Water leaf) have shown promising findings when included in aquaculture ration as feed additive. More studies are needed to investigate the potential of these medicinal plants on enhancement of growth performance in aquaculture. In this present study, a total of four diets were formulated to include T. triangulare (T.t) powder as feed additives at levels of 0.0% (T.t), 0.5% (T.t), 1.0% (T.t) and 3.0% (T.t). Fish meal (65%) was used as a sole protein source in all the experimental diets. All the rations were isonitrogenous (35% protein), isolipidic (11.73% lipid) and isoenergetic (467.77 Kcal/100 g ration). Each treatment was replicated thrice and ration fed to the experimental fish at 5% body weight twice daily for 70 days. All the experimental diets had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the growth of the African Catfish fingerling. The mean fingerlings final weight (g) was 1.91±0.127, 2.14±0.084, 2.38±0.096 and 1.86±0.439 for fish fed 0.0% (T.t), 0.5% (T.t), 1.0% (T.t) and 3.0% (T.t), respectively. The specific and relative growth rates of the fish under all the treatments were also not significant (P > 0.05).The best growth performance was observed in fish fed 1.0% (T.t) closely followed by 0.5% (T.t) ration then diet 3.0% (T.t) and least in fish fed diet 0.0% (T.t). The survival percentage in fish fed with 0.5% (T.t) > 1.0% (T.t) > 3.0% (T.t) > 0.0% (T.t) adjudged to be good throughout the experimental period and this could be attributed to good water quality management and more so, the suitability of T. triangulare inclusion in Claria gariepinus diet. Water leaf inclusion in fish diet at 0.5-3.0% concentration is therefore beneficial for use in aquaculture to enhance growth promotion however a further research is recommended to investigate toxicity of this plant at varying inclusion levels of 0.5% to 3.0% in the Clarias gariepinus culturing to ascertain the best inclusion level.
It Trypanosomosis is one of the major impediments to livestock development and agricultural production in Ethiopia. It is cyclically transmitted by tsetse flies but also mechanically tsetse flies and by other biting flies. A cross sectional study was conducted in Botor tolay district of Oromia Regional State from November 2017 to may 2018 to determine the prevalence of trypanosomosis and apparent density tsetse flies. Simple random sampling was used to select 384 cattle from the purposively selected five PAs for collection of blood sample. Buffy coat technique was used to determine prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area and trap was deployed for collection of tsetse flies. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was (47) (12.24%). The major species of trypanonosomes identified in the study area were T. congolense 28(59.6%) and T. vivax 12(25.5%).The mean PCV values recorded were 18.34% in parasitaemic and 24.97% in aparasitaemic animals. And low Pcv animals also found to be found significant compare with other risk factors age and sex which statistically insignificant difference (P>0.05). Identification on entomological survey shows three species of tsetse fly identified was G. morsitans, G. pallidepes and G. fuscipes. Higher prevalence of trypanosomosis infection was observed in animals with poor body condition statistical significant difference (P<0.05). About 52 traps were deployed for 48 hours (2 days) for collection of tsetse fly. A total of 1206 flies were collected from a study area, of which the higher density was for tsetse fly 1139 (10.9 flies per trap per day) followed by 18 Tabanus, 36 Stomoxys and 13 Heamatopota. Generally, this study showed that trypanosomosis is still present and becomes a constraint for livestock production of the study area. So control and prevention mechanisms must be continued to reduce prevalence of the disease and tsetse flies population.
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a strong therapeutic tool to improve survival in patients with advanced heart failure, whereas not a few patients have potentially abnormal hemodynamics despite LVAD supports. Hemodynamic ramp test, which is recently proposed to undergo following LVAD implantation, is a promising procedure to predict patient clinical outcome by assessing hemodynamic profile and to improve patients' prognosis by optimizing hemodynamics via LVAD speed adjustment. Further prospective randomized control trial is warranted to clearly demonstrate clinical implication of the ramp test.
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