Background: Marine animals have been considered by many researchers due to their various pharmacological effects. One group of marine animals that have been studied is cone snails. The conotoxin obtained from these marine animals has various therapeutic effects. Methods: This study was designed to investigate the apoptotic effects of crude venom of Conus textile and its fractions (A and B) on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Accordingly, parameters such as cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lysosomal membrane damage and caspase-3 activation were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the crude venom (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) from Conus textile and its fraction B (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) significantly reduced viability in CLL B-lymphocyte. In addition, exposure of CLL B-lymphocyte to fraction B (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) was associated with an increase in the level of ROS, the collapse of the MMP, damage to the lysosomal membrane, and activation of caspase-3. Conclusion: According to results, it was concluded that fraction B from crude venom of Conus textile causes selective toxicity on CLL B-lymphocyte with almost no effect on a normal lymphocyte. Furthermore, this venom fraction could be a promising candidate for induction of apoptosis in patients with CLL through the mitochondrial pathway.
Alex Edgcomb finished his PhD in computer science at UC Riverside in 2014. Alex works with zyBooks.com, a startup that develops interactive, web-native textbooks in STEM. Alex has also continued working as a research specialist at UC Riverside with his PhD advisor, studying the efficacy of web-native content for STEM education.c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Serious Games for Building Skills in Introductory Algebra and Computer Science CoursesJoe Michael Allen, Frank Vahid*, Shayan Salehian, Alex Edgcomb* Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside *Also with zyBooks ABSTRACTVarious forms of online games are used in education. Most games are generic in nature, such as quiz games or adventure games, into which nearly any topic (like math, history, spelling, computer programming) can be integrated. We focus instead on games that each builds a specific skill through repetition. Repetition is known to improve learning by moving concepts from short-term to long-term memory, but excessive uninteresting repetition can lead to stress and fatigue, and eventually to students giving up. In contrast, many games involve repetition but in an interesting/enjoyable form, with the player striving to improve. Our approach custom designs each game for a specific skill deemed important to a topic, such as writing if-else statements in computer programming. The custom design is needed to make the skill be an essential part of the gameplay. This paper presents several games our team has developed so far, for topics in computing and math, and describes plans to build more. The games are free and currently at
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