Acknowledgements Foreword Principal recommendations IntroductionChapter 1 -Method and data returns Chapter 2 -Organisational data Key Findings Chapter 3 -Prospective data 3.1 Total population data 3.2 Outcome data 3.3 Risk 3.4 The surgery undertaken Key Findings Recommendations Chapter 4 -Peer review case data 4.1 Descriptive data 4.2 Outcome of peer review cases 4.3 Overall assessment of care 4.4 Risk assessment 4.5 Pre-operative assessment 4.6 Consent 4.7 Pre-operative phase 4.8 Intra-operative phase 4.9 Postoperative phase Key Findings Recommendations Summary References Appendix 1 -Glossary Appendix 2 -Six month outcome data Appendix 3 -Role and structure of NCEPOD Appendix 4 -Hospital participation This report, published by NCEPOD, could not have been achieved without the support of a wide range of individuals who have contributed to this study. Our particular thanks go to:
Objective-We recently identified an inverse relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and serum 16α-hydroxyestrone, a metabolite of 17β-estradiol, in postmenopausal women. Formation of 16α-hydroxyestrone is catalyzed primarily by CYP1A2, a cytochrome P450 enzyme. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between known modifiers of CYP1A2 activity and serum 16α-hydroxyestrone in postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that fruits, vegetables, and grains, which contain more soluble fiber (a known inducer of CYP1A2) as a proportion of total fiber, would be more positively associated with serum 16α-hydroxyestrone than legumes, which contain less soluble fiber as a proportion of total fiber.Materials and Methods-Serum from a population-based sample of 42 postmenopausal women aged 55-69 living in Cook County, Illinois, was assayed for 16α-hydroxyestrone using mass spectrometry. Ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate the cross-sectional relationship between dietary fiber and serum 16α-hydroxyestrone after adjusting for multiple covariates.Results-Relative to dietary fiber from legumes, dietary fiber from fruits and vegetables was associated with a greater log odds (B = 0.201, p = 0.036) of having higher serum concentrations of 16α-hydroxyestrone. The log odds of having higher serum concentrations of 16α-hydroxyestrone was also lower among African-American women (B = −2.300, p = .030) compared to white women. Role of each author:Shawn Patel: conception of the study, drafting of manuscript Louise C. Hawkley: study design, data collection, data analysis, revision of manuscript John T. Cacioppo: study design, data analysis, revision of manuscript Christopher M. Masi: conception of the study, study design, revision of manuscript Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNutrition. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 July 1.
The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in early 2020. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has affected morbidity and mortality tremendously. Even though multiple drugs are being used throughout the world since the advent of COVID-19, only limited treatment options are available for COVID-19. Therefore, drugs targeting various pathologic aspects of the disease are being explored. Multiple studies have been published to demonstrate their clinical efficacy until now. Based on the current evidence to date, we summarized the mechanism, roles, and side effects of all existing treatment options to target this potentially fatal virus.
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