Planners, designers, citizens, and governmental agencies are interested in creating environments that are sustainable and fulfill a wide range of economic, ecological, aesthetic, functional, and cultural expectations for stakeholders. There are numerous approaches and proposals to create such environments. One vision is the 1934 “Broadacre City” proposed by Frank Lloyd Wright for the Taliesin, Wisconsin area that was never implemented. Frank Lloyd Wright’s vision integrated transportation, housing, commercial, agricultural, and natural areas in a highly diverse pattern forming a vast urban savanna complex. He also applied his “Broadacre City” idea to the 1942 Cooperative Homesteads Community Project in Detroit, Michigan, another un-built project. This vision concerning the composition of the urban environment may be conceptually realized in the ongoing gray-field reclamation in suburban Detroit, Michigan. Recent science-based investigations, concerning the metrics to measure and evaluate the quality of designed spaces, suggest that this “Broadacre City” approach may have great merit and is highly preferred over past spatial treatments (p ≤ 0.05). These metrics explain 67 to 80% of the variance concerning stakeholder expectations and are highly definitive (p < 0.001)
Abstract. Planners, designers, scientists, governmental authorities, nongovernmental organizations, and citizens are interested in the thoughtful use and protection of the environment, including surface mined lands. Surface mining is a temporary use of the landscape, leading to a post-mining environment. In the 1960s, the late Ken Schellie was a pioneer in understanding how to create a productive and valuable post-mining environment. The creation of a successful post-mining environment begins with understanding the nature of the deposit and the extraction/processing methods, as this insight leads to opportunities to create productive land through the mining process with little additional costs. Often the post-mining landscape is more valuable than the land before mining. In addition, creating post-mining environments requires knowledge of the current regulation requirements. Being trained in the planning and design processes and having experience and knowledge across the spectrum of potential land uses from urban to wilderness are essential to professionally create post-mining environments. Today the ideas and knowledge gained from post-mining land-use planning and design is influencing other types of reclamation activities such as post-industrial reclamation and reclaiming urban areas. We illustrate the process of post-mining land-use planning and design with a case study from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and show how portions of the design are assessed with landscape metrics.
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