Many experts argue that climate change will exacerbate the severity and number of extreme weather events. Such climate-related hazards will be important security concerns and sources of vulnerability in the future regardless of whether they contribute to conflict. This will be particularly true where these hazards put large numbers of people at risk of death, requiring the diversion of either domestic or foreign military assets to provide humanitarian relief. Vulnerability to extreme weather, however, is only partially a function of physical exposure. Poor, marginalized communities that lack access to infrastructure and services, that have minimal education and poor health care, and that exist in countries with poor governance are likely to be among the most vulnerable. Given its dependence on rainfed agriculture and its low adaptive capacity, Africa is thought to be among the most vulnerable continents to climate change. That vulnerability, however, is not uniformly distributed. Indicators of vulnerability within Africa include the historic incidence of climate-related hazards, population density, household and community resilience, and governance and political violence. Among the places in Africa most vulnerable to the security consequences of climate change are parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and South Sudan.
Un acercamiento participativo a un SIG hace posible que miembros de una comunidad, académicos y especialistas en SIG documenten y representen diferentes capas de información cualitativa y cuantitativa. Sin embargo, mayor atención se debe poner al momento de co-producción de conocimiento espacial que ocurre en los proyectos, cuando este conocimiento se modifica por los complejos encuentros entre conocimiento local y conocimiento científico. Una revisión crítica del trabajo de campo y representación de conocimiento producido por un proyecto de SIG Participativo, en Santo Domingo Norte, República Dominicana, revela cómo las dinámicas de involucramiento y compromiso entre miembros de la comunidad, activistas, representantes del gobierno local y estudiantes de postgrado resultaron en mapas y producción de un SIG enriquecidos político y socialmente por sus participantes.
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