The pancreas is an unusual site for tumor metastasis, accounting for only 2% to 5% of all malignancies affecting the pancreas. The more common metastases affecting the pancreas include renal cell carcinomas, melanomas, colorectal carcinomas, breast carcinomas, and sarcomas. Although pancreatic involvement by nonrenal malignancies indicates widespread systemic disease, metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the pancreas often represents an isolated event and is thus amenable to surgical resection, which is associated with long-term survival. As such, it is important to accurately diagnose pancreatic involvement by metastatic renal cell carcinoma on histology, especially given that renal cell carcinoma metastasis may manifest more than a decade after its initial presentation and diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the clinicopathologic findings of isolated renal cell carcinoma metastases of the pancreas, with special emphasis on separating metastatic renal cell carcinoma and its various differential diagnoses in the pancreas.
Described in Japan by Amitani et al in 1992, the entity of idiopathic upper lobe fibrosis was subsequently given the name pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) in the English-speaking world. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis is believed to be a rare disease characterized by a fibrosing process affecting the pleura and the subpleural lung parenchyma, with a predilection for the upper lobes. Uniquely, the fibrosing process is elastotic in nature, being associated with intra-alveolar fibrosis. The etiology of PPFE is unclear at this juncture, with many cases being considered as idiopathic forms of the disease. Conditions associated with PPFE include infections, bone marrow transplantation, and autoimmunity. In this review, we explore the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features associated with PPFE in light of current understanding of the disease. Recent studies implicated that PPFE may not be as uncommon as claimed. The various differential diagnoses and implications of diagnosing PPFE are discussed.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a frequently encountered condition in clinical practice and management is generally uncomplicated with patients on a stable dose of thyroxine supplementation. However, complications of thyroid lymphoma can develop, though it is rare and hence commonly forgotten by physicians. We present a case of a patient with HT who developed thyroid lymphoma. A 61-year-old woman presented with an enlarged goitre complicated by compressive symptoms and was diagnosed with HT. She was treated with stable dose of thyroxine but her constitutional symptoms of weight loss prompted further investigations and diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was eventually made. She underwent chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy and is currently in remission 1 year post-treatment. There should be an increased index of suspicion of primary thyroid lymphoma in patients with HT for early diagnosis and treatment for better outcomes.
Hybrid
OVERVIEW OF WORKSHOPThe School of Chemical Engineering at the University of Queensland (UQ) has been successfully running industry field trips for students for over 40 years. This workshop aims to explore the success factors, challenges, and the value of running industry field trips for engineering undergraduate and postgraduate students. We will explore these concepts in the context of three main themesenhancing student learning and motivation; developing an early sense of professional identity; and building friendships and a sense of cohort through participation in industry field trips.
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