This article reports the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polypropylene (PP)-chicken eggshell (ES) composites. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, tensile modulus, izod impact strength, flexural modulus of PP composites with normal (unmodified) eggshell and chemically treated ES [modified ES (MES) with isophthalic acid] have been investigated. PP-calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) composites, at the same filler loadings, were also prepared and used as reference. The results showed that PP composites with chemically MES had better mechanical properties compared to the unmodified ES and CaCO 3 composites. An increase of about 3-18% in tensile modulus, 4-44% in izod impact strength and 1.5-26% in flexural modulus at different filler loading was observed in MES composites as compared to unmodified ES composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of fractured tensile specimens confirmed better interfacial adhesion of MES with polymer matrix resulting into lower voids and plastic deformation resulting in improved mechanicals of the composites. TEM micrographs showed acicular needle shaped morphology for modified ES and have contributed to better dispersion which is the prime reason for enhancement of all the mechanical properties. At higher filler loading, the modulus of MES composite was found to be higher by 5% as compared to commercial CaCO 3 composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:708-714, 2014.
The present work deals with the comparison of the MRR for EN19 and EN41 material in a die sinking EDM machine. The various input factors like Pulse ON time, Pulse OFF time, Discharge current and voltage were considered as the input processing parameters, while the MRR is considered as the output. Optimization using Taguchi method was performed to predict the best combination of inputs towards maximum output. A comparison was done to obtain the effect of these input parameters over the MRR for both the material, and simultaneously the impact of the carbon percentage over the MRR was investigated. It was found that the Discharge current in case of the EN41 material and EN19 material had a larger impact as compare to other processing parameters on the MRR. A relative study of the carbon composition for both the material was also done.
We consider an indoor visible light communication system in which an arbitrary number of light‐emitting diodes are transmitting the information to the users. Due to the circular field of view of the light‐emitting diode transmitters, there is always a trade‐off between the coverage and interference at the receiving end. Any approach to increase the coverage area increases the overlapping area of two or more field of views resulting in severe interference at the receiver. In this paper, we propose a method that simultaneously reduces the interference due to multiple sources in an indoor visible light communication system and improves the coverage area. The signal‐to‐interference ratio (γSIR)–based approach is used for analyzing the outage and error performances. Specifically, the effect of the proposed method is investigated on various performance metrics such as signal‐to‐interference ratio, coverage probability, and bit error rate. The effect of ambient light on system performance is also incorporated in the analysis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.