Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized as aplasia or hypoplasia of uterus and vagina in women with normal development of secondary sex characteristics. It affects 1 in 4000-5000 female births. Women with this syndrome present with primary amenorrhoea. MRKH syndrome may be associated with renal, skeletal, cardiac and auditory anomalies. Women with MRKH syndrome may develop leiomyoma from a rudimentary uterus, though very rare. Initial investigation in women having MRKH syndrome with leiomyoma is ultrasonography (USG). However, CT and MRI are more accurate to evaluate the pelvic anatomy and pathologies.

Transient elastography (Fibroscan) is significantly low in patients with NCPF compared to patients with cirrhosis. It is a very useful non-invasive technique to differentiate between Child's A cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis.

Primary leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare entity constituting only 0.5–1% of all invasive renal tumors. It is frequently diagnosed on histological examination because it does not have any specific diagnostic features clinically and radiologically. At times, it is difficult to differentiate leiomyosarcoma from the sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma even in histopathology as both the tumors have spindle-shaped atypical cells. Moreover, some epithelial markers can be present in pure smooth muscle sarcomas, while some smooth muscle markers are positive in carcinomas. Hence, a diagnosis of primary renal leiomyosarcoma should be made with caution. Since the prognosis for a renal sarcoma is particularly poor, differentiation from sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is necessary. The diagnostic challenge of one such tumor is discussed.

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) is a rare phenomenon and can involve any organ system. The involvement of colon is rarely described in the literature. We herein report a case of XGI in a 60 year-old male who presented with friable ulceroinfiltrative mass in colon. Right hemicolectomy was performed with clinical and radiological suspicion of malignancy. This is the first reported case of XGI in ascending colon with mucosal involvement.

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