Bridges are life line of the nation. Therefore, any distress in the bridges needs to be properly assessed and repaired in time. Before carrying out any repairs/strengthening, exact reasons for the distress in the bridges shall be identified first. This paper gives various techniques for assessment of the condition of the bridges. The paper also presents a case study of four-lane dual independent carriageways prestressed concrete single-cell boxgirder bridge, which is curved in plan. During construction of one of the carriageway of the bridge, distresses were observed near the end diaphragms of one of the span of the bridge while the bridge span was still resting on scaffolding. Non-destructive investigations were done on the distressed span of the bridge which include visual inspection, Schmidt rebound hammer test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, boroscopy, carbonation test, profometer test etc. Based on the investigation results, the causes for the distresses were identified and a suitable strengthening scheme was suggested which includes repair of spalled concrete, repair of honeycombed areas and prestressing of remaining tendons. After completing the strengthening of the span as per the suggested scheme and before opening the bridge for the traffic, assessment of the bridge was again carried out to check the efficacy of the strengthening measures. Based on the satisfactory results of this assessment, scaffolding was removed from below. Selfstanding of the bridge span without any scaffolding shows the efficacy of the strengthening scheme. Load test of the bridge was also carried out. Details of all these are given in this paper.
Road safety is important and has become a major concern now a day. Road accidents stop social and economic development of the society. Accidents trends are on the rise and issues should be addresse factors resulting in road accidents on Panipat 1(Toll-Tax-Sanjaychowk), Stretch -2 (Gohanamor involves the collection of F.I.R data (2011)(2012)(2013) from various Police Stations i.ePanipat City (Stretch 2), Samalkha (Stretch-3) Police Station &to identify, survey and analysis the bla out the type of injuries the road users had gone through from 2011 accidents and then, to suggest preventive measures to reduce number of road acc traffic crash numbers are on the rise. Major Black spot identified during analysis are NangalKheri, Siwah, Police line, Chokk Petrol Pump, Manana Mor, Bus Stand (Panipat) & Toll Plaza. The fatality rate 37% respectively .Rear end collision & collision during crossing are the main causes of accident & the percentage of crashes Stretch-1 & Stretch-2 is 52% & 59% resp. The percentage of crashes in Stretch Cars, jeeps category is now the most involved in crashes; they constitute 26% of total crashes in Panipat city,42% of all cra in Chandnibagh section and 41% crashes in Samalkha section. A truck constitutes 2 crashes in Chandnibagh& 35% of crashes in Samalkha section.The main victims of road crashes are (34.1%), bikers etc. The spot speeds observed towards higher side of posted speed lim
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