As algorithms increasingly take managerial and governance roles, it is ever more important to build them to be perceived as fair and adopted by people. With this goal, we propose a procedural justice framework in algorithmic decision-making drawing from procedural justice theory, which lays out elements that promote a sense of fairness among users. As a case study, we built an interface that leveraged two key elements of the framework---transparency and outcome control---and evaluated it in the context of goods division. Our interface explained the algorithm's allocative fairness properties (standards clarity) and outcomes through an input-output matrix (outcome explanation), then allowed people to interactively adjust the algorithmic allocations as a group (outcome control). The findings from our within-subjects laboratory study suggest that standards clarity alone did not increase perceived fairness; outcome explanation had mixed effects, increasing or decreasing perceived fairness and reducing algorithmic accountability; and outcome control universally improved perceived fairness by allowing people to realize the inherent limitations of decisions and redistribute the goods to better fit their contexts, and by bringing human elements into final decision-making.

Dengue fever is considered the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality. An accurate and efficient diagnosis of dengue plays an important role in case confirmation. The virus may be isolated during the viremic phase (within day 5 of illness), from serum, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) has demonstrated the presence of high levels of dengue NS1 antigen and tests may be performed by enzyme-immunoassays (EIAs) or immune-chromatographic (ICT) methods. These assays are specific with respect to different flaviviruses. Conventional and real time RT PCR, nested PCR, multiplex PCR and Nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) have been described as sensitive and relatively rapid method of detecting the virus during the early viremic phase. Other tests used include assay of anti-dengue specific IgM and IgG ELISA. Currently no curative treatment in terms of anti-viral drugs is available for dengue and patients are managed with rest and aggressive supportive therapy. Management may be done at home or in the hospital depending on the severity of the illness. Hospital management includes fluid therapy, blood component transfusion and other modalities of treatments like steroids, recombinant factor VII and management of complications. Various vaccines are in trial stages and may become available in the near future.

Background: Substance use is a major public health concern in global settings, and is very common during adolescence period leading to physical and/or mental health complications. This study assessed the prevalence of substance use and associated factors among high school adolescents in Rithepani 2, Lekhnath, Kaski, 2073.

Background: Uterine prolapse is the main public health problem of reproductive age women in Nepal. Uterine prolapse (UP), which affects about 10% of women of reproductive age in Nepal, is the most frequently reported cause of poor health in women of reproductive age and postmenopausal women. Currently, women's awareness of UP is unknown, and attempts to unravel the UP problem are inadequate.

The practice of high-yield or double-dose platelet (DDP) collection through automated apheresis is gradually increasing. Very few studies have examined donor safety issues in DDP collection. The present study highlights the process of DDP donor selection as well as the product quality and donor safety issues on 67 donors. All procedures were performed following the departmental standard operating procedure. We observed a significantly higher mean platelet yield with the Amicus separator than the Fresenius separator (5.4 ¥ 10 11 vs. 5.1 ¥ 10 11 , P = 0.03). The Fresenius separator processed a mean blood volume of 3974 mL and collected a mean platelet amount of 444.9 mL, and these were significantly higher when compared with Amicus (P < 0.0001). Mean values of procedure-related parameters, such as acid-citrate-phosphate volume, donation time, needle time, processing time and whole blood processed, and donor-related parameters, like citrate toxicity and vasovagal reactions, were significantly higher during DDP than single-dose platelet collection (P < 0.05). We conclude that obtaining eligible donors for DDP from a shrinking donor population with low normal platelet values is a difficult task. Therefore, each transfusion service should set their own guidelines for DDP collection with the objectives of donor safety and optimal product quality.