Introduction: In recent years, computerized cognitive training (CCT) programs have been developed commercially for widespread public consumption. Despite early enthusiasm, whether these programs enhance cognitive abilities in healthy adults is a contentious area of investigation. Given the mixed findings in the literature, researchers are beginning to investigate how beliefs and attitudes toward CCT impact motivation, expectations, and gains after cognitive training. Method: We collected survey data from 497 North American participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). This survey asked novel questions regarding respondents' beliefs about the effectiveness of CCT for improving different domains of cognition, mood, and daily life; beliefs about whether CCT programs are supported by research; and whether impressions of CCT have improved or worsened over time. Exploratory analyses are reported descriptively, while parametric tests were used to analyze a priori hypotheses. Results: Almost half of the surveyed participants had used CCT, and respondents with a self-reported psychological or neurological disorder were more likely to have used CCT platforms than participants without such conditions. Motivations for using CCT included curiosity; to improve or maintain cognition; to prevent cognitive decline; and/or for enjoyment or fun. Participants believed that CCT is somewhat effective for improving mood and cognition across a variety of domains. Greater age and fewer years of education predicted perceived effectiveness of CCT. Finally, participants largely reported unchanged opinions of CCT platforms over time. Conclusion: Our study suggests the need for future research regarding the general population's beliefs and attitudes toward CCT, along with knowledge translation for relevant stakeholders.
In recent years, scholars have noted that migrants exhibit distinct patterns of adaptation characterized by frequent movement to their countries of origin. Increasing numbers of migrants have settled in "new" types of enclave communities that have helped them sustain their transnational lifestyles. This article uses original survey data, interviews, and ethnographic research on the Korean transnational enclave in Beijing, comparing how South Korean and Korean Chinese migrants collectively mobilize resources within the ethnic church. Findings suggest that the ways in which ethnic organizations such as the church, influence the cultivation is more important than the availability of transnational resources as solidarity acts as the key mechanism by which migrants are able to actually mobilize and benefit from these resources.
<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>The efficacy of EZH2 inhibition has been modest in the initial clinical exploration of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), yet EZH2 inhibitors are well tolerated. Herein, we aimed to uncover genetic and pharmacologic opportunities to enhance the clinical efficacy of EZH2 inhibitors in DLBCL.</p>Experimental Design:<p>We conducted a genome-wide sensitizing CRISPR/Cas9 screen with tazemetostat, a catalytic inhibitor of EZH2. The sensitizing effect of <i>IKZF1</i> loss of function was then validated and leveraged for combination treatment with lenalidomide. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses were performed to elucidate transcriptomic and epigenetic changes underlying synergy.</p>Results:<p>We identified <i>IKZF1</i> knockout as the top candidate for sensitizing DLBCL cells to tazemetostat. Treating cells with tazemetostat and lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug that selectively degrades IKAROS and AIOLOS, phenocopied the effects of the CRISPR/Cas9 screen. The combined drug treatment triggered either cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis in a broad range of DLBCL cell lines, regardless of <i>EZH2</i> mutational status. Cell-line–based xenografts also showed slower tumor growth and prolonged survival in the combination treatment group. RNA-seq analysis revealed strong upregulation of interferon signaling and antiviral immune response signatures. Gene expression of key immune response factors such as <i>IRF7</i> and <i>DDX58</i> were induced in cells treated with lenalidomide and tazemetostat, with a concomitant increase of H3K27 acetylation at their promoters. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated derepression of endogenous retroviruses after combination treatment.</p>Conclusions:<p>Our data underscore the synergistic interplay between IKAROS degradation and EZH2 inhibition on modulating epigenetic changes and ultimately enhancing antitumor effects in DLBCL.</p></div>
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