Background: No studies on male attitudes towards HPV and HPV vaccination have been conducted in Japan, and little is known globally whether attitudes of single fathers differ to those living with a female partner. This exploratory study assessed whether Japanese fathers were likely to have their daughter vaccinated against HPV in a publically funded program and whether any differences existed regarding attitudes and knowledge about HPV according to marital status. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 27 fathers (16 single; 11 married) who took part in a study on HPV vaccine acceptability aimed at primary caregivers of girls aged 11-14 yrs in three Japanese cities between July and December 2010. Results: Knowledge about HPV was extremely poor (mean score out of 13 being 2.74±3.22) with only one (3.7%) participant believing he had been infected with HPV and most (81.4%) believing they had no or low future risk. No difference existed regarding knowledge or awareness of HPV according to marital status. Concerning perceived risk for daughters, single fathers were significantly more likely to believe their daughter was at risk for both HPV (87.5% versus 36.4%; p=0.01) and cervical cancer (75.0% versus 27.3%; p=0.02). Acceptability of free HPV vaccination was high at 92% with no difference according to marital status, however single fathers were significantly more likely (p=0.01) to pay when vaccination came at a cost. Concerns specific to single fathers included explaining the sexual nature of HPV and taking a daughter to a gynecologist to be vaccinated. Conclusions: Knowledge about HPV among Japanese fathers is poor, but HPV vaccine acceptability is high and does not differ by marital status. Providing sexual health education in schools that addresses lack of knowledge about HPV as well as information preferences expressed by single fathers, may not only increase HPV vaccine acceptance, but also actively involve men in cervical cancer prevention strategies. However, further large-scale quantitative studies are needed.

Methods All incident cases of thyroid cancer (C73) in the Arkhangelsk region in 2000e2009 as well as information about deaths were extracted from the regional cancer registry. Population size was obtained from the Regional Bureau of Statistics. Incidence and mortality were calculated per 100 000. Survival was analysed using KaplaneMeier curves with log rank tests. Results Altogether, 529 new cases of thyroid cancer occurred in the region during the study period. Females comprised 82.8% of cases. Papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma and other forms was found in 56.3%, 27.7% and 21.9% of patients, respectively. Stages 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 were diagnosed in 1.1%, 58.0%, 16.4%, 13.2%, and 11.0% of patients respectively. Introduction Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in second messenger formation, osteoblast and osteoclast function, and blood flow. This raises the question of whether or not altered salivary NO levels interfere with tooth loss by influencing the bone remodelling cycle. This study investigates if different levels of salivary NO are associated with existing number of teeth among Korean elderly. Methods A total of 178 subjects (68 males and 110 females; age range 48e84 years) received a dental and general examination in 2009 and 2010. Number of remaining teeth and salivary flow rate were evaluated by a dentist. Fasting plasma glucose level and blood pressure were also measured. Age, gender, education level, and smoking were evaluated through interview. Salivary NO was determined by the Griess reagent. ANCOVA and Multiple linear regression analyses were applied.Results After controlling for age, gender, education level, smoking, physical activity, salivary flow rate, fasting plasma glucose level, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, higher NO level group showed increased number of teeth compared to moderate and lower NO level group, which is not significant. However, salivary NO levels had a dose-response relationship with the existing number of teeth in Korean elderly (b¼À0.007, p¼0.046). Conclusion This study presents for the first time a dose-dependent relationship between salivary NO levels and number of teeth, indicating a link between oral health and salivary NO levels, and that the levels of salivary NO could be a proper indicator for oral health in this respect.