Our study indicated that memory of a traumatic event is a strong predictor and a potential risk factor for subsequent development of PTSD. Future studies are needed to show whether these findings can be generalized to other traumatic conditions.

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The findings indicate that premorbid personality characteristics, as well as subjective and objective factors related to the traumatic exposure, increased the risk for the development of PTSD.

The study's main aim was to examine secondary traumatization among Israeli students. A sample of 203 university students in Israel, 41 men (20%) and 162 women (80%), aged 23.9 years on average, completed questionnaires on media exposure during terror attacks, posttraumatic and distress symptoms, coping styles, and personal resources of mastery and dispositional optimism. The main results showed that higher media exposure during terror attacks was related positively to higher levels of distress and posttraumatic symptoms. Higher resource levels were related to lower levels of posttraumatic symptoms, whereas greater use of avoidance coping was related to higher distress. These data suggest that the media, which tends to magnify and reinforce the effects of terror acts, can prompt secondary traumatization, and demonstrate the importance of an awareness of the risks of vicarious exposure to terror and trauma through the media.

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