Abstract. Closely related species with similar ecological requirements should exhibit segregation along spatial, temporal, or trophic niche axes to limit the degree of competitive overlap. For migratory marine organisms like seabirds, assessing such overlap during the non-breeding period is difficult because of longdistance dispersal to potentially diffuse foraging habitats. Miniaturization of geolocation devices and advances in stable isotope analysis (SIA), however, provide a robust toolset to quantitatively track the movements and foraging niches of wide ranging marine animals throughout much of their annual cycle. We used light-based geolocation tags and analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from tail feathers to simultaneously characterize winter movements, habitat utilization, and overlap of spatial and isotopic niches of migratory chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and Adélie (P. adeliae) penguins during the austral winter of 2012. Chinstrap penguins exhibited a higher diversity of movements and occupied portions of the Southern Ocean from 1388 W to 308 W within a narrow latitudinal band centered on 608 S. In contrast, all tracked Adélie penguins exhibited smaller-scale movements into the Weddell Sea and then generally along a counter-clockwise path as winter advanced. Inter-specific overlap during the non-breeding season was low except during the months immediately adjacent to the summer breeding season. Intra-specific overlap by chinstraps from adjacent breeding colonies was higher throughout the winter. Spatial segregation appears to be the primary mechanism to maintain inter-and intra-specific niche separation during the nonbreeding season for chinstrap and Adélie penguins. Despite low spatial overlap, however, the data do suggest that a narrow pelagic corridor in the southern Scotia Sea hosted both chinstrap and Adélie penguins for most months of the year. Shared occupancy and similar isotopic signatures of the penguins in that region suggests that the potential for inter-specific competition persists during the winter months. Finally, we note that SIA was able to discriminate eastward versus westward migrations in penguins, suggesting that SIA of tail feathers may provide useful information on population-level distribution patterns for future studies.

This study examines how images of the American electorate were deployed after the 11 September 2001 terrorism incident and during the Clinton impeachment. Transcripts of congressional proceedings, news coverage, and presidential campaign addresses were analyzed to determine how the phrase the American people was used during these two crises and in unrelated presidential campaign speeches. The analysis considered the roles, actionsThis study asks a series of basic questions: Who are the American people? What do they do? believe? know? Are they unique? How do they function politically? For many social scientists, the answers to these questions are already known. For anthropologists, the American people are an amalgam fashioned from the villages of Europe, the dynasties of Asia, and the tribes of Africa that have produced unique cultural folkways. For historians, the American people are haunted by Old World hegemonies and hence are committed to individualism and modernism for philosophical and practical reasons. For psychologists, the American people are a restless and contentious lot producing a kaleidoscope of attitudes about most social issues.Political Psychology, Vol. 23, No. Although all of these descriptions may be true, they are never true enough for the political psychologist, a person for whom "community" is both an empirical and an imagined entity. The American people can be found in election turnout figures and in gross economic indicators, to be sure, but they are more than that; they are also the meanings of their behaviors. As Lawrence and Bennett (2001) argued, "simple heuristic calculations [of opinion polls] based on mediaindependent factors" can never tell the whole story (p. 446). Rather, one must also reckon with a nation's meaning-making factories-its educational infrastructure, its mass media and popular culture, its city halls and legislatures-to explain its self-understanding.This study attempts to do that by operating on these premises: (1) An electorate is not a stable, ontological entity; rather, it is "summoned up" periodically by political actors who define it in order to control it. (2) The American electorate has been an especially contested political site, in part because of its mottled demography but also because of its unique geography, history, and cultural mores. (3) American politics, as a result, rarely reduces to issues of simple expediencyhow often? how much?-because the nation has never settled deeper questions: Who are we? Where are we going? What is fundamentally right and wrong? (4) During moments of political turbulence, these crises of meaning can be acute. This is the fourth in a series of studies assessing such self-understandings (see also Hart & Jarvis, 1999; Hart, Jennings, & Dixson, in press;Hart & Johnson, 1999). All of these studies track the use of collective tokens-words referring to a group (e.g., Latinos), a nation (e.g., Russians), or a cross-national entity (e.g., Europeans). The specific token we chose to track (variations of the phrase the American pe...

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This article explores the World Wide Web homepages of members of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1996 and 2001, focusing specifically on what the content posted to these sites suggests about their ideal audiences. Despite considerable changes in the content of business, entertainment, and political campaign sites over this five‐year time period, we found few notable changes in the Congressional.gov pages over time. Moreover, the pages harbor particular assumptions about audiences that depart from other forms of Congressional communications and lag far behind the interactive innovations found in political campaign sites. These findings lead to suggestions for the creation of sites that are more in line with the potential the medium presents for the online public.

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