This article presents a description of the arithmetic performance of students with mild disabilities and general education students and discusses these data in terms of student achievement and its implications for standards and programming. The data were obtained across grade levels 3–8 on 937 general education students and 197 students with mild disabilities. The data are discussed in terms of selected mathematics standards (e.g., Principles and Standards of School Mathematics NCTM, 2000) and Public Law 105–17, the amendments to IDEA. The latter assure that students with disabilities have access to and make progress in the general education curriculum.
The present work
investigates the formation of micro/nanoparticles
by precipitation by pressure reduction of gas-expanded liquid (PPRGEL)
using carbon dioxide (CO2). Rapid depressurization of the
GEL solution results in very rapid evolution of CO2 bubbles
and a concomitant large temperature drop (∼50–70 K).
Consequently, the solid solubility is lowered, leading to heterogeneous
nucleation at the CO2 bubble–GEL interface. A thermodynamic
model based on the total entropy change of the depressurizing system
is used for computing the time-variant reduction of the CO2 mole fraction in GEL for the CO2–acetone–cholesterol
system. This, in turn, is used in a combination with a kinetic model
for predicting the variation of nucleation rate and the resultant
solute particle size. The model is used to analyze the effects of
the pre-depressurization pressure and the depressurization time, the
key process parameters, on the average particle size. The predicted
particle size compares well with reported experimental data.
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