Islamic financial institutions apply few mathematical formulas in constructing Islamic home financing models. However, the available products in the markets are deemed to be a burden to the low to medium income earners, while the mortgage takaful only compensates selected cases such as death and total permanent disability without including the protection against those who loss an effort to work. Hence, this study derives a new formula of Islamic home financing where the profit is calculated based on one-third of the total amount of financing, while the new model of mortgage takaful will compensate those who are losing effort to work. Therefore, this study aims to derive a new formula of home financing and mortgage takaful model by using an integrated model.
Purpose – Products originated from cocoa are globally popular. Therefore there is an economic significance in developing the cocoa-based industry. Indonesia, as one of the countries having good quality cocoa specimens, should benefit from this commodity. However, the cocoa-based industry has not contributed much to Indonesia’s GDP. Thus, this paper seeks to understand Indonesia’s cocoa industry’s position within the cocoa industry’s global value chain and any difficulties that prevent the cocoa-based industry from flourishing in Indonesia. Approach - This paper drew from the literature on the cocoa industry in Indonesia and the cocoa global value chain. Findings - This research shows that Indonesia’s underdeveloped cocoa industry lacks an understanding of Indonesia’s cocoa value in the global value chains. This lack of understanding is prevalent in the Indonesian economic bureaucracy and local cocoa industrial actors’ perspective. Novelty – In the study of political economy, the optimization of economic benefits can be achieved through good synergy in political policies to support the achievement of maximum value added for a leading commodity in a country. When the synergy among the stakeholders is optimal, the implemented regulations can be adequately implemented.
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