Background: Paediatric asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood and affects the quality of life in children. Anti-asthmatic drugs used in children may result in a beneficial and adverse drug reaction (ADR) and could contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Several studies report about the safety and efficacy of asthma medications in adults but the information in children is limited. Hence, the current study was aimed to investigate about safety and efficacy of anti-asthmatic drugs in children. Material and Methods: A prospective, observational, non-interventional study of children who presented between January 2018 and December 2019 to the Department of Paediatric of Noor Hospital. Pediatric patients of bronchial asthma (both acute and chronic cases) of either gender within the age limit of 1-13 years who attended the outpatient department (OPD) as well as the inpatient department (IPD) were included in the study. Patients who are <1 and >13 years, patients with other co-morbid conditions like TB, Diabetes/renal failure or any other systemic disorders, or who were immunocompromised were excluded. Results: Out of 120 patients, most of the pediatric patients suffering from asthma 42% were found in the age group of 5-8 years followed by (39%) 1-4 years and the last one is 9-13 years (19%). Demographic analysis of data revealed that there were 61.6% male and 38.4% female in the study. Out of 120 Paediatric asthma patients, 34.1% were suffering from mild persistent and the remaining 59.1% were patients of moderate persistent and 6.6% are least one of severe asthma. The percentages of the patients who were 58.4% treated with a single anti-asthmatic drug (monotherapy) excluding other concomitant medications used together. 41.6% of children were treated with anti-asthmatic drug combinations. The overall utilization of Anti-asthmatic drugs among pediatric asthma patients was found to be shortacting β2 Agonists (32.5%) long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) (9.1%), steroids (14.1%) and leukotriene modifiers (2.5%). The most commonly reported ADRs were 2.5% of headache, 1.6% of palpitation, dryness of mouth, sore throat, anorexia, and 0.8% of oral candidiasis nausea/vomiting. Conclusion: It has been concluded that a study may be more meaningful to further improve the prescribing as well as dispensing practices of the pharmacist through the successful implementation of interventional programs in health centers.
Background: Immunizations currently save 3 million lives per year throughout the world and is one of the most cost-effective health interventions. The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI) and WHO recommended the use of pentavalent to replace the DPT vaccine in developing countries. Vaccines related most side effects are mild and non-serious. Surveillance of adverse events following immunization will enable us to monitor the safety of immunization programs and thereby contribute to validating the immunization program. The main aim of this study is to analyze all suspected adverse events in children reported for pentavalent vaccination.Methods:A prospective, observational epidemiological study was conducted in the department of Paediatrics OPD at tertiary care teaching institute during October 2016 to December 2016. The study was conducted amongst 190 children attending the department of Paediatrics OPD for the second or third dose of pentavalent vaccine.Results: The study shows the following adverse effects after pentavalent injection 127 (66.8%) children had pain at the site of injection, 103(54.2%) mild fever, Swelling at injection site 84(44.2%) and 55(28.9%) children held their leg back due to pain. In majority 85 (44.7%) of children antipyretic and in 65 (34.2%) children analgesic was given was given to relieve the symptoms. The parents were very positive for completing their children’s immunization schedule even though they have faced few symptoms.Conclusions:It can be concluded that all the adverse events reported were mild and could be managed easily without any complications.
Background: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Now a days, neonatal sepsis due to Burkholderia cepacia is on rise. This study was conducted to delineate clinical presentation and antibiotic sensitivity pattern from blood culture proven Burkholderia sepsis. Methods: In this retrospective analytical study, thirty-six neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital with blood culture proven Burkholderia sepsis were included. Clinical manifestation, laboratory findings and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of blood culture proven Burkholderia sepsis were analyzed.Results: : All neonates were inborn and were admitted within 24 hours of birth. Difficulty in breathing was most common presenting symptom and seizure was second in number. There was no association with mode of delivery. Male to female ratio is 1.4:1. Progressive thrombocytopenia was the most consistent feature and in 6 patients also associated with anaemia. Average hospital stay was increased and more in preterm neonates. In this setup piperacillin + tazobactem was found to be most sensitive against Burkholderia cepacia and cotrimoxazole was 2nd in sensitivity.Conclusions: Proper and timely identification of Non Fermentative Gram Negative Bacilli (NFGNB) other than Pseudomonas can help confine morbidity due to such infections. High degree of suspicion helps in early recognition. Efficient housekeeping is necessary to prevent nosocomial infections due to these pathogens.
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