MCMURRAY, ROBERT G., JOANNE S. HARRELL, SHIBING DENG, CHYRISE B. BRADLEY, LORI M. COX, AND SHRIKANT I. BANGDIWALA. The influence of physical activity, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity on the weight status of adolescents. Obes Res. 2000;8: 130 -139. Objective: This study examined the effects of physical activity, television viewing, video game play, socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnicity on body mass index (BMI). Research Methods and Procedures:The sample was 2389 adolescents, 10 to 16 years of age (12.7 Ϯ 1.0 years); 1240 (52%) females and 1149 (48%) males; 77% white and 23% African American; from rural (77%) and urban (23%) settings. BMI and skinfolds were directly assessed. All other data were obtained from questionnaires. Results: Watching television on non-school days was related to being overweight (p Ͻ 0.005). However, when BMI analyses were adjusted for ethnicity and SES, there were no significant effects of television viewing on BMI (p Ͼ 0.061). Increased hours of video game play enhanced the risk of being overweight for both genders when analyses were adjusted for ethnicity and SES (p Ͻ 0.019). In males, participation in as little as one high-intensity physical activity 3 to 5 days a week decreased the ethnic-and SESadjusted relative risk of being overweight (RR ϭ 0.646; CI: 0.427 to 0.977). For females, the ethnic-and SES-adjusted relative risk for being overweight was not significantly altered by physical activity. The logistic analyses further indicated the influence of low SES and African American ethnicity overshadowed any direct effect of television or videos.

No abstract

Variation in activities by race within gender suggests that establishing activity patterns in youth may be race-specific as well as gender-specific and must be accounted for in designing physical activity interventions. Also, pubertal maturation is a factor in activity choices in middle school girls.

Previous studies on the influence of a rural/urban setting on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children have not sufficiently controlled for socioeconomic status, race, gender, and perhaps, may not have included a representative sample of rural and urban children. This study compared the cardiovascular disease risk factors and rate of obesity of children living in rural and urban settings. It also determined the magnitude of the effect of the rural/urban setting on cardiovascular disease risk factors and obesity when controlling for race, socioeconomic status, and gender. The subjects were 2,113 third- and fourth-grade children; 962 from an urban setting and 1,151 from a rural setting. Height, weight, skinfolds, resting blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels were measured. Aerobic power (pVO2max) was estimated from cycle ergometry. Physical activity and smoking history were obtained from a questionnaire. Clustering analyses using adjustment for sample error indicated that total cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, and physical activity levels of rural and urban children were not different (P > 0.10); however, body mass index and sum of skinfolds was greater for rural youth (P < 0.004). Logistic regression indicated that rural children had a 54.7 percent increased risk of obesity (P = 0.0001). This study's results indicate that, in children, a rural setting is associated with obesity, but not with the major risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

A facile mechanochemical pathway was developed to in situ transform solid metal precursor-supported MNP hybrids into MNPs@MOF.