Hydrogen production through solar energy is one of the most important pathways to meet the growing demand of renewable energy, and photocatalyst participation in solar hydrolytic hydrogen production has received great attention in recent years in terms of low cost, high efficiency, and flexible design. Particularly, g-C 3 N 4 (Graphiticlike carbon nitride material), as a unique material, can catalyze the hydrogen production process by completing the separation and transmission of charge. The easily adjustable pore structure/surface area, dimension, band-gap modulation and defect have shown great potential for hydrogen production from water cracking. In this review, the most recent advance of g-C 3 N 4 including the doping of metal and non-metal elements, and the formation of semiconductor heterojunction is highlighted. The main modification strategies and approaches for the design of g-C 3 N 4 for hydrogen production, as well as the influence of various materials on hydrogen evolution regarding the photocatalysis mechanism and advantages brought by theoretical calculations are specially and briefly illustrated. Potential design pathways and strategies of g-C 3 N 4 are discussed. In addition, current challenges of hydrogen production from g-C 3 N 4 water splitting are summarized and can be expected.
With the increase of global proportion of soil pollution and the number of areas at risk, researchers have sought to develop various pathways to repair or relieve the pollutants in soil. Among them, biochar represents one multidimensional soil amendment which has got great deal of attention on its physicochemical properties towards the removal or mitigation of contaminants in soil. A variety of agricultural wastes like straw and manure prepared from different torrefaction process have been employed as feedstock for the production of biochar, which can be applied to the contaminated soil to facilitate the growing environment for crops, and to improve soil fertility and microbial environment. In addition, the utilization of biochar for soil remediation is also considered as a process of carbon sequestration. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research progress in torrefaction processes and mechanism of agricultural waste, the effects of different torrefaction methods on the formation and properties of biochar were explained, coupled with the effects of process parameters. Especially, the conversion and mechanisms of biochar prepared from agricultural wastes composed mainly with lignocellulosic material were discussed, and the characteristics of biochar prepared for improving soil physical and chemical characteristics, microbial community characteristics, nutrients, and the stability and relief of soil pollutants, especially heavy metals, are compared. Finally, this work discussed the application and future technical challenges of soil remediation based on agricultural waste derived biochar.
In this study, noise measurement was carried out on a section of Third Ring Road of Chengdu in China and the environmental parameters around the measuring point were collected besides the actual measurement. Coupled with the satellite map, the section was modeled and the noise impact prediction was employed using Cadna/A software, and the noise impact from 5:00 to 6:00 p.m. of a working day of in a week was evaluated based on the prediction of road service level. Results showed that evaluating only the overall level of the road service should be enough for predicting the noise impact based on the road service level. When using road service level to predict road noise, the relationship between road speed and traffic volume should be verified. If there is a conflict between reality and theory, the actual data should prevail in the prediction. Additionally, relevant road parameters should be collected when determining the road service level. The longer the duration of collecting evaluation parameters, the more accurate the determination of service level and the more accurate and applicable the prediction results.
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