BACKGROUND & AIMS:Some patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have abnormal liver function. We aimed to clarify the features of COVID-19-related liver damage to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS:We performed a retrospective, single-center study of 148 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 (73 female, 75 male; mean age, 50 years) at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from January 20 through January 31, 2020. Patient outcomes were followed until February 19, 2020. Patients were analyzed for clinical features, laboratory parameters (including liver function tests), medications, and length of hospital stay. Abnormal liver function was defined as increased levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. RESULTS:Fifty-five patients (37.2%) had abnormal liver function at hospital admission; 14.5% of these patients had high fever (14.5%), compared with 4.3% of patients with normal liver function (P [ .027). Patients with abnormal liver function were more likely to be male, and had higher levels of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. There was no statistical difference between groups in medications taken before hospitalization; a significantly higher proportion of patients with abnormal liver function (57.8%) had received lopinavir/ritonavir after admission compared to patients with normal liver function (31.3%). Patients with abnormal liver function had longer mean hospital stays (15.09 -4.79 days) than patients with normal liver function (12.76 -4.14 days) (P [ .021). CONCLUSIONS:More than one third of patients admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection have abnormal liver function, and this is associated with longer hospital stay. A significantly higher proportion of patients with abnormal liver function had received lopinavir/ritonavir after admission; these drugs should be given with caution.

BACKGROUND: A recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs mainly in China,with rapidly increasing the number of cases (namely . Abnormal liver functions are frequently present in these patients, here we aimed to clarify the clinical features of COVID-19-related liver damage to provide some references for the clinical treatment. A total of 148 cases were analyzed for clinical features, laboratory parameters (including liver function tests), medications and the length of stay. FINDINGS:Of 148 confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, 49.3% were females and 50.7% were males. The median age was 50.5 years (interquartile range, 36-64).Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (70.1%), cough (45.3%), expectoration (26.7%) at admission. 75 patients (50.7%) showed abnormal liver functions at admission. Patients (n = 75) who had elevated liver function index were more likely to have a moderate-high degree fever (44% vs 27.4%; p = 0.035) and significantly present in male patients (62.67% vs 38.36%; p = 0.005). The numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were significantly lower in abnormal liver function group than those in normal liver function group. There was no statistical difference in prehospital medications between normal and abnormal liver function groups, while the utilization rate of lopinavir/ritonavir after admission was significantly higher in patients with emerging . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.(which was not peer-reviewed) The copyright holder for this preprint .

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, coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has become prevalent globally 1. So far, there have been almost 2 million patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 2 , becoming a huge threat to global health. In addition to fever, dry cough, weakness and breathing difficulty, abnormal liver function may occur in considerable proportion of SARS-CoV-2infected patients (14.8%-76.3%) 3-7. Although the exact mechanism

One of the most important changes during sperm capacitation is the enhancement of tyrosine phosphorylation. However, the mechanisms of protein tyrosine phosphorylation during sperm capacitation are not well studied. We used label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics to investigate the overall phosphorylation events during sperm capacitation in humans and identified 231 sites with increased phosphorylation levels. Motif analysis using the NetworKIN algorithm revealed that the activity of tyrosine phosphorylation kinases insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)/insulin receptor is significantly enriched among the up-regulated phosphorylation substrates during capacitation. Western blotting further confirmed inhibition of IGF1R with inhibitors GSK1904529A and NVP-AEW541, which inhibited the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation levels during sperm capacitation. Additionally, sperm hyperactivated motility was also inhibited by GSK1904529A and NVP-AEW541 but could be up-regulated by insulin growth factor 1, the ligand of IGF1R. Thus, the IGF1R-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation pathway may play important roles in the regulation of sperm capacitation in humans and could be a target for improvement in sperm functions in infertile men. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 14: 10.1074/mcp.M114.045468, 1104-1112, 2015.Austin (1) and Chang (2) discovered that sperm must reside in the female genital tract for a specific period of time to acquire the ability to fertilize an egg and named this process "capacitation." During capacitation, several biochemical changes occur, including enhancement of tyrosine phosphorylation (3), increased intracellular Ca 2ϩ and cAMP levels (4), hyperactivated motility (5), and increased membrane plasma permeability (6). Mature sperm are highly differentiated and specialized cells, there is almost no transcription, and the genomic ribosome is inactive (5). Therefore, regulation of proteins at the level of post-translational modification is expected to play important roles in sperm functions. In mammalian sperm, phosphorylated proteins, protein kinases, and phosphatases are reported to function in sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction (7, 8). Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are required for sperm to reach, bind, penetrate, and fuse with the oocyte (5). Tyrosinephosphorylated proteins have been found in human (9), monkey (10), rat (11), and mouse (12) sperm. The sperm tail is the main location of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and tyrosine phosphorylation of the sperm tail is related to hyperactivated motility (13). However, the mechanism of protein tyrosine phosphorylation regulation in sperm capacitation is not well studied. With high throughput ability, proteomics has been used to characterize phosphorylation in sperm. For the human sperm, Ficarro et al. (14) used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), anti-phosphotyrosine antibody labeling, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify tyrosine phosphoproteins during capacitation. They identified...

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Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) have unique, individual patterns that pose significant challenges for diagnosis, psycho-education, and intervention planning. A recent study suggested that it may be feasible to use TAND Checklist data and data-driven methods to generate natural TAND clusters. However, the study had a small sample size and data from only two countries. Here, we investigated the replicability of identifying natural TAND clusters from a larger and more diverse sample from the TOSCA study. Methods: As part of the TOSCA international TSC registry study, this embedded research project collected TAND Checklist data from individuals with TSC. Correlation coefficients were calculated for TAND variables to generate a correlation matrix. Hierarchical cluster and factor analysis methods were used for data reduction and identification of natural TAND clusters.

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