Inonotus hispidus (I. hispidus) is a medicinal macrofungus that plays a key role in anti-tumor and antioxidant functions. To further understand and enhance the value of I. hispidus, we performed whole-genome sequencing and an analysis of its strain for the first time. I. hispidus was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. The genome length was 35,688,031 bp and 30 contigs, with an average length of 1,189,601.03 bp. Moreover, database alignment annotated 402 CAZyme genes and 93 functional genes involved in regulating secondary metabolites in the I. hispidus genome to find the greatest number of genes involved in terpenes in that genome, thus providing a theoretical basis for its medicinal value. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomic analysis of single-copy orthologous protein genes from other fungi in the same family were conducted; it was found that I. hispidus and Sanghuangporus baumii have high homology. Our results can be used to screen candidate genes for the nutritional utilization of I. hispidus and the development of high-yielding and high-quality I. hispidus via genetic means.
In recent years, a rare edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata has become popular. S. rugosoannulata has the characteristics of easy cultivation, low cost, high output value, and low labor requirement, making its economic benefits significantly superior to those of other planting industries. Accumulating research demonstrates that cultivating edible fungus is advantageous for farming soil. The present experiment used idle croplands in winter for S. rugosoannulata cultivation. We explored the effects of S. rugosoannulata cultivation on soil properties and soil microbial community structure in paddy and dry fields, respectively. We cultivated S. rugosoannulata in the fields after planting chili and rice, respectively. The results showed that Chili-S. rugosoannulata and Rice-S. rugosoannulata planting patterns increased the yield, quality and amino acid content of S. rugosoannulata. By analyzing the soil properties, we found that the Chili-S. rugosoannulata and Rice-S. rugosoannulata cropping patterns increased the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, and available potassium content of the soil. We used 16s amplicons for bacteria and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for fungi to analyze the microbial communities in rhizosphere soils. Notably, S. rugosoannulata cultivation significantly increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Chloroflexi, Cladosporium and Mortierella and reduce the abundance of Botryotrichumin and Archaeorhizomyces. We consider S. rugosoannulata cultivation in cropland can improve soil properties, regulate the community structure of soil microorganisms, increase the expression abundance of beneficial organisms and ultimately improve the S. rugosoannulata yield and lay a good foundation for a new round of crops after this edible mushroom cultivation.
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