No abstract

PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are abundantly expressed in heart. However, their functions and molecular mechanisms during myocardial infarction remain unknown. Here, a heart‐apoptosis‐associated piRNA (HAAPIR), which regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10)‐mediated N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylation of transcription factor EC (Tfec) mRNA transcript, is identified. HAAPIR deletion attenuates ischemia/reperfusion induced myocardial infarction and ameliorate cardiac function compared to WT mice. Mechanistically, HAAPIR directly interacts with NAT10 and enhances ac4C acetylation of Tfec mRNA transcript, which increases Tfec expression. TFEC can further upregulate the transcription of BCL2‐interacting killer (Bik), a pro‐apoptotic factor, which results in the accumulation of Bik and progression of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The findings reveal that piRNA‐mediated ac4C acetylation mechanism is involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. HAAPIR‐NAT10‐TFEC‐BIK signaling axis can be potential target for the reduction of myocardial injury caused by cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ischemia heart diseases.

No abstract

Although 2D materials are widely explored for data storage and neuromorphic computing, the construction of 2D material‐based memory devices with optoelectronic responsivity in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) region for in‐sensor reservoir computing (RC) at the optical communication band still remains a big challenge. In this work, an electronic/optoelectronic memory device enabled by tellurium‐based 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is reported, where the ferroelectric CuInP2S6 and tellurium channel endow this device with both the long‐term potentiation/depression by voltage pulses and short‐term potentiation by 1550 nm laser pulses (a typical wavelength in the conventional fiber optical communication band). Leveraging the rich dynamics, a fully memristive in‐sensor RC system that can simultaneously sense, decode, and learn messages transmitted by optical fibers is demonstrated. The reported 2D vdW heterostructure‐based memory featuring both the long‐term and short‐term memory behaviors using electrical and optical pulses in SWIR region has not only complemented the wide spectrum of applications of 2D materials family in electronics/optoelectronics but also paves the way for future smart signal processing systems at the edge.

Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death (PCD) characterized by an excess iron accumulation and subsequent unbalanced redox states. Ferroptosis is different from the already reported PCD and has unique morphological features and biochemical processes. Ferroptosis was first elaborated by Brent R. Stockwell’s lab in 2012, in which small molecules erastin and RSL-3 induce PCD in Ras mutant cell lines. Ferroptosis involves various physiological processes and occurrence of disease and especially shows strong potential in cancer treatment. Development of small molecule compounds based on Stockwell’s research was found to kill cancer cells, and some FDA-approved drugs were discovered to result in ferroptosis of cancer cells. Radiotherapy and checkpoint therapy have been widely used as a treatment for many types of cancer. Recently, some papers have reported that chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and checkpoint therapy induce ferroptosis of cancer cells, which provides new strategies for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the limitless proliferation of tumor cells and the lack of cell death mechanisms are important reasons for drug resistance for tumor therapy. Therefore, we reviewed the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis and sensitivity to ferroptosis of different cancer cells and tumor treatment strategy.