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ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the effects of working memory updating training on primary school students' writing ability and performance.MethodsA total of 46 fourth-grade Chinese primary school students were recruited; their performance in the Chinese character N-back training task, the Writing Ability Questionnaire, and a time-limited writing task was assessed.ResultsThe paired-sample t-test revealed that working memory updating training significantly improved the experimental group's working memory level. After training, a repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the experimental group's performance on the Writing Ability Questionnaire improved and was higher than that of the control group. In the time-limited writing task, independent-sample t-tests revealed that the experimental group's writing fluency increased and was higher than that of the control group, while the latter's grammatical accuracy and complexity decreased and were lower than those of the former.ConclusionWorking memory updating training can be used as auxiliary cognitive training to improve primary school students' working memory level, thereby promoting their writing development.

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Open source software (OSS) is a core part of virtually all software applications today. Due to the rapidly growing impact of OSS on society and the economy, the security aspect has attracted researchers' attention to investigate this distinctive phenomenon. Traditionally, research on OSS security has often focus on technical aspects of software development. We argue that these aspects are important, however, technical security practice considering different social aspects of OSS development will assure the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the tool. In this empirical study, we explore the current security culture in the OSS development phenomenon using a survey instrument. By performing a security cultural analysis with six dimensions: attitude, behavior, competency, subjective norms, governance and communication, this paper provides an in-depth insight into its influence on participants' security behaviors and decision-making. Measurements of security culture and the corresponding issues that need to be addressed in OSS communities were defined and discussed.