A bilayer structure with polydopamine (PDA) transition layer and 3-glycidyl ether oxy-propyl trimethoxy silane (GOPTS) hydrolysiscondensate strengthened layer on the surface of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber is prepared to improve the damage resistance of composites and more efficient stress transmission in composites. PDA is covered on the surface of UHMWPE fiber and then GOPTS is hydrolyzed and condensed to form inorganic -O-Si-O-with epoxy groups on the PDA layer. In addition, the surface activated nano-SiO 2 is dispersed in the epoxy resin to increase the strength of the matrix resin. The results show that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS), the impact strength, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of UHMWPE-PDA-GOPTS/EP-SiO 2 increase by 99.1%, 54.1%, 76.8%, and 36.6% respectively compared with unmodified UHMWPE/EP. The chemical compositions of the treated fiber surface are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). With the help of the scanning electron microscopy, the interface failure and reinforcement mechanism of the composites are further explored due to UHMWPE fiber shear yield deformation, UHMWPE fiber fracture, matrix resin cracking and the relative sliding friction between the fiber and matrix.
Primary cilia are highly conserved microtubule-based organelles that project from the cell surface into the extracellular environment and play important roles in mechanosensation, mechanotransduction, polarity maintenance, and cell behaviors during organ development and pathological changes. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins are essential for cilium formation and function. The skeletal system consists of bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, providing support, stability, and movement to the body. Great progress has been achieved in primary cilia and skeletal disorders in recent decades. Increasing evidence suggests that cells with cilium defects in the skeletal system can cause numerous human diseases. Moreover, specific deletion of ciliary proteins in skeletal tissues with different Cre mice resulted in diverse malformations, suggesting that primary cilia are involved in the development of skeletal diseases. In addition, the intact of primary cilium is essential to osteogenic/chondrogenic induction of mesenchymal stem cells, regarded as a promising target for clinical intervention for skeletal disorders. In this review, we summarized the role of primary cilia and ciliary proteins in the pathogenesis of skeletal diseases, including osteoporosis, bone/cartilage tumor, osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, spine scoliosis, and other cilium-related skeletal diseases, and highlighted their promising treatment methods, including using mesenchymal stem cells. Our review tries to present evidence for primary cilium as a promising target for clinical intervention for skeletal diseases.
No abstract
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.