It was concluded that culturally determined causal beliefs of mental distress contribute to attitudes towards seeking professional help for psychological problems for Asians. Implications for both research and the provision of more appropriate health services for the British Asian minority group in the United Kingdom are discussed.

This article sets out to examine the relationship between cultural and demographic factors and psychological distress, somatic expression of distress and frequency of general practitioner (GP) consultation. The investigation was carried out in two cultural groups, British Asians living in the UK and native White British residents. It was hypothesised that the British Asian group would have higher somatisation scores than the British group. Further, it was hypothesised that these would be associated with frequency of GP consultations. Participants were 146 adults attending two GP surgeries. They answered a questionnaire on frequency of GP consultation and completed two questionnaires, the Bradford Somatic Inventory (Mumford, D.B. (1989). Somatic sensation and psychological distress among students in Britain and Pakistan. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 24, 321-326.) and the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). Multiple regressions showed culture as being a significant predictor of somatic expression of distress. Demographic variables, such as income and age, were found to be also significant. Proficiency in English, in the British Asian sample, had a significant effect on somatic expression. There was a strong association between somatic expression of distress, psychological distress and frequency of GP visits for the British Asian sample and not for the British sample. Somatic expression predicted GP visits for the British Asian sample only. Implications for GP consultations and diagnostic procedures are discussed.

Objective: We sought to explore the variation in emotional responses and identify clusters of emotional patterns associated with sociodemographic, clinical, and familial factors. Methods: A large-scale survey with questions on demographics, experiences, and emotions at the time of diagnosis was sent to childhood cancer caregivers and completed between August 2012 and April 2019. Dimensionality reduction and statistical tests for independence were used to investigate relationships between sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors and 32 representative emotions. Results: Data from 3142 respondents were analyzed. Through principal components analysis and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis, three clusters of emotional responses were identified, captured 44%, 20% and 36% of respondents, respectively. Hallmark emotions within each cluster were "anger and grief" (Cluster 1), "pessimism, relief, impatience, insecurity, discouragement, and calm" (Cluster 2), and "hope" (Cluster 3). Cluster membership was associated with differences in parental factors, such as educational attainment, family income, and biological parent status, as well as child-specific factors, including age at diagnosis and cancer type. Conclusions: The study revealed substantial heterogeneity in emotional responses to a child's cancer diagnosis than previously recognized, with differences linked to both caregiver and child-related factors. These findings underscore the importance of developing responsive and effective programs to improve targeted support for caregivers from the time of diagnosis throughout a family's childhood cancer journey.